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Passage8

Thirty-twopeoplewatchedkittyGenovesebeingkilledrightbeneaththeirwindows.Shewastheirneighbor.Yetnoneofthe32helpedher.Notoneevencalledthepolice.Wasthisingunmancruelty?Wasitlackoffeelingaboutone'sfellowman?

Notso,sayscientistsJohnBarleyandBibFatane.Thesemenwentbeyondtheheadlinestoprobethereasonswhypeopledidn'tact.Theyfoundthatapersonhastogothroughtwostepsbeforehecanhelp.Firsthehastonoticethatisanemergency.

Supposeyouseeamiddle-agedmanfalltotheside-walk.Ishehavingaheartattack?Isheinacoma（昏迷）fromdiabetes（糖尿病）?Orisheabouttosleepoffadrunk?

Isthesmokecomingintotheroomfromaleakintheairconditioning?Isitsteampipes?Orisitreallysmokefromafire?It'snotalwayseasytotellifyouarefacedwitharealemergency.

Second,andmoreimportant,thepersonfacedwithanemergencymustfeelpersonallyresponsible.Hemustfeelthathemusthelp,orthepersonwon'tgetthehelpheneeds.

Theresearchersfoundthatalotdependsonhowmanypeoplearearound.Theyhadcollegestudentsintobetested.Somecamealone.Somecamewithoneortwoothers.Andsomecameinlargegroups.Thereceptioniststartedthemoffonthetests.Thenshewentintothenextroom.Acurtaindividedthetestingroomandtheroomintowhichshewent.Soonthestudentsheardascream,thenoiseoffilecabinetsfallingandacryforhelp.Allofthishadbeenpre-recordedonatape-recorder.

Eightoutoftenofthestudentstakingthetestaloneactedtohelp.Ofthestudentsinpairs,onlytwooutoftenhelped.Ofthestudentsingroups,nonehelped.

Inotherwords,inagroup,Americansoftenfailtoact.Theyfeelthatotherswillact.They,themselves,needn't.Theydonotfeelanydirectresponsibility.

Arepeoplebotheredbysituationswherepeopleareintrouble?Yes.Scientistsfoundthatthepeoplewereemotional,theysweated,theyhadtremblinghands.Theyfelttheotherperson'strouble.Buttheydidnotact.Theywereinagroup.Theiractionswereshapedbytheactionsofthosetheywerewith.

36.Thepurposeofthispassageis.

A）toexplainwhypeoplefailtoactinemergencies

B）toexplainwhenpeoplewilactinemergencies

C）toexplainwhatpeoplewilldoinemergencies

D）toexplainhowpeoplefeelinemergencies

37.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A）Whenapersontriestohelpothers,hemustbeclearthatthereisarealemergency.

B）Whenapersontriestohelpothers,heshouldknowwhetherheyareworthhishelp.

C）Apersonmusttakethefullresponsibilityforthesafetyofthoseinemergenciesifhewantstohelp.

D）Apersonwithaheartattackneedsthemost.

38.Theresearchershaveconductedanexperimenttoprovethatpeoplewillactinemergencieswhen.

A）theyareinpairs

B）theyareingroups

C）theyarealone

D）theyarewiththeirfriends

39.Themainreasonwhypeoplefailtoactwhentheystaytogetheristhat.

A）theyareafraidofemergencies

B）theyarereluctanttogetthemselvesinvolved

C）otherswillactiftheythemselveshesitate

D）theydonothaveanydirectresponsibilityforthosewhoneedhelp

40.Theauthorsuggeststhat.

A）weshouldn'tblameapersonifhefailstoactinemergencies

B）apersonmustfeelguiltyifhefailstohelp

C）peopleshouldberesponsibleforthemselvesinemergencies

D）whenyouareintrouble,peoplewillhelpyouanyway