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题目序号题型归类

第1题中心主旨题型

第2题细节推导题型

第3题句间关系题型

第4题句间关系题型

第5题词汇题型

“Iwanttocriticizethesocialsystem,andtoshowitatwork,atitsmostintense.”VirginiaWoolf’sprovocativestatementaboutherintentionsinwritingMrs.Dallowayhasregularlybeenignoredbythecritics,sinceithighlightsanaspectofherliteraryinterestsverydifferentfromthetraditionalpictureofthe“poetic”novelistconcernedwithexaminingstatesofreverieandvisionandwithfollowingtheintricatepathwaysofindividualconsciousness.ButVirginiaWoolfwasarealisticaswellasapoeticnovelist,asatiristandsocialcriticaswellasavisionary:literarycritics’cavalierdismissalofWoolf’ssocialvisionwillnotwithstandscrutiny.

Inhernovels,Woolfisdeeplyengagedbythequestionsofhowindividualsareshaped(ordeformed)bytheirsocialenvironments,howhistoricalforcesimpingeonpeople’slives,howclass,wealth,andgenderhelptodeterminepeople’sfates.Mostofhernovelsarerootedinarealisticallyrenderedsocialsettingandinaprecisehistoricaltime.

Woolf’sfocusonsocietyhasnotbeengenerallyrecognizedbecauseofherintenseantipathytopropagandainart.Thepicturesofreformersinhernovelsareusuallysatiricorsharplycritical.EvenwhenWoolfisfundamentallysympathetictotheircauses,sheportrayspeopleanxioustoreformtheirsocietyandpossessedofamessageorprogramasarrogantordishonest,unawareofhowtheirpoliticalideasservetheirownpsychologicalneeds.(HerWriter’sDiarynotes:“theonlyhonestpeoplearetheartists,”whereas“thesesocialreformersandphilanthropists…harbor…discreditabledesiresunderthedisguiseoflovingtheirkind…”)Woolfdetestedwhatshecalled“preaching”infiction,too,andcriticizednovelistD.H.Lawrence(amongothers)forworkingbythismethod.

Woolf’sownsocialcriticismisexpressedinthelanguageofobservationratherthanindirectcommentary,sinceforher,fictionisacontemplative,notanactiveart.Shedescribesphenomenaandprovidesmaterialsforajudgmentaboutsocietyandsocialissues;itisthereader’sworktoputtheobservationstogetherandunderstandthecoherentpointofviewbehindthem.Asamoralist,Woolfworksbyindirection,subtlyunderminingofficiallyacceptedmores,mocking,suggesting,callingintoquestion,ratherthanasserting,advocating,bearingwitness:hersisthesatirist’sart.

Woolf’sliterarymodelswereacutesocialobserverslikeChekhovandChaucer.AssheputitinTheCommonReader,“ItissafetosaythatnotasinglelawhasbeenframedoronestonesetuponanotherbecauseofanythingChaucersaidorwrote;andyet,aswereadhim,weareabsorbingmoralityateverypore.”LikeChaucer,Woolfchosetounderstandaswellastojudge,toknowhersocietyrootandbranch—adecisioncrucialinordertoproduceartratherthanpolemic.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?

[A]PoetryandSatireasInfluencesontheNovelsofVirginiaWoolf.

[B]VirginiaWoolf:CriticandCommentatorontheTwentieth-CenturyNovel.

[C]TrendsinContemporaryReformMovementsasaKeytoUnderstandingVirginiaWoolf’sNovels.

[D]VirginiaWoolf’sNovels:CriticalReflectionsontheIndividualandonSociety.

2.Inthefirstparagraphofthetext,theauthor’sattitudetowardtheliterarycriticsmentionedcanbestbedescribedas

[A]disparaging.

[B]ironic.

[C]facetious.

[D]skepticalbutresigned.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatWoolfchoseChaucerasaliteraryexamplebecauseshebelievedthat

[A]ChaucerwasthefirstEnglishauthortofocusonsocietyasawholeaswellasonindividualcharacters.

[B]Chaucerwasanhonestandforthrightauthor,whereasnovelistslikeD.H.Lawrencedidnotsincerelywishtochangesociety.

[C]Chaucerwasmoreconcernedwithunderstandinghissocietythanwithcallingitsacceptedmoresintoquestion.

[D]Chaucer’swritingwasgreatly,ifsubtly,effectiveininfluencingthemoralattitudesofhisreaders.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthemostprobablereasonWoolfrealisticallydescribedthesocialsettinginthemajorityofhernovelswasthatshe

[A]wasawarethatcontemporaryliterarycriticsconsideredthenoveltobethemostrealisticofliterarygenres.

[B]wasinterestedintheeffectofaperson’ssocialmilieuonhisorhercharacterandactions.

[C]neededtobeasattentivetodetailaspossibleinhernovelsinordertosupporttheargumentssheadvancedinthem.

[D]wantedtoshowthatapainstakingfidelityintherepresentationofrealitydidnotinanywayhampertheartist.

5.Whichofthefollowingphrasesbestexpressesthesenseoftheword“contemplative”asitisusedinline2,paragraph4ofthetext?

[A]Graduallyelucidatingtherationalstructuresunderlyingacceptedmores.

[B]Reflectingonissuesinsocietywithoutprejudiceoremotionalcommitment.

[C]Avoidingtheaggressiveassertionoftheauthor’sperspectivetotheexclusionofthereader’sjudgment.

[D]Conveyingabroadviewofsocietyasawholeratherthanfocusingonanisolatedindividualconsciousness.