精品学习网考试频道小编应广大考生的需要，特为参加考试的考生策划了“2012年考研英语模拟试题：An official report”专题等有关资料，供考生参考!

1 is a form of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals who have tried to 2 others to buy the food they have produced or the goods they have made or the services they can 3 .

But in the 19th century the mass production of goods 4 the Industrial Revolution made person-to-person selling 5 . The mass distribution of goods that 6 the development of the railway and highway made person-to-person selling 7 slow and expensive. At the same time mass communication first newspapers and magazines then radio and television made mass selling through 8 possible.

The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their best 9 to take the action the advertiser is recommending. The action 10 be to purchase a product use a service vote for a political candidate or even to join the Army.

Advertising as a 11 developed first and most rapidly in the United States the country that uses it to the greatest 12 In 1980 advertising expenditures in the U.S. exceeded 55 billion dollars or 13 2 percent of the gross national product. Canada spent about 1.2 percent of its gross national product 14 advertising.

15 advertising brings the economies of mass selling to the manufacturer it produces benefits for the consumer 16. Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser 17 the cost of a cost of a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far 18 than one sold through personal salespeople. Advertising brings people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally advertising 19 for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost of publishing magazine and 20 .

1A. recreation B. education C. sports D. advertising

2.A.request B. oblige C. affect D. persuade

3.A.transfer B. secure C. enjoy D. perform

4.A.resulting from B. dealing with C. leading to D. going for

5.A. inefficient B. efficient C. effective D. useful

6.A.followed B. preceded C.ach5eved D. induced

7.A. to B. very C. much 　　　　D. too

8. A. marketing B. advertising C. salespeople D agents

9. A. profits B. benefits C. interests D. gains

10.A. should 　　　B. would C. may D. will

11. A. business 　　　B. service C product D. profession

12. A. amount 　　　B. extent C. possibility D. utility

13, A similarly 　　B. supposedly C. approximately D. accountably

14. A. with 　　　B. at C. into D. on

15. A. While 　　　B. Therefore C. But D. If

16. A. as well 　　　B. as usual C. as a result D. as a rule

17.A. in that B. so that C. in order to D. such that

18. A. more 　　　B. less C. cheaper D. dearer

19. A. works 　　　B. calls C. looks D. pays

20.A. press B. publication C. news D. newspaper

1. D 广告是一种销售的形式。从后面的句子劝说别人去购买商品或服务可以推出。Recreation词义为娱乐，education词义为教育，sports词义为运动。

2. D 词组考查，劝说某人做某事，persuade sb to do something.

3. D 动词辨析，购买提供的服务，transfer词义为转换，secure词义为安全的，保卫，enjoy词义为喜欢，享受，perform词义为履行，完成，演出。

4. C 词组考查，大量的产品引起了工业革命。这里考查的是一个因果关系，工业革命是果，产品是因。而resulting from表示原因，dealing with 词义是处理，leading to 表示结果，going for 词义为想要、获得、喜爱。

5. A 根据下句slow and expensive,可以推出此处应该填写一个消极的词汇，inefficient词义为没有效率的，efficient为有效率的，effective词义为有效的，useful词义为有用的。

6. A 伴随着铁路和高速公路的发展，大量产品的分发使得人对人的销售过于缓慢和昂贵。

7. D 副词考查，slow and expensive都为形容词，前面应该用副词来修饰。

8. A 与此同时，大量的传媒开始时报纸和杂志，接着是广播和电视使得通过广告进行大宗销售变得可能。

9. C 任何一个广告商的目的是尽他们的最大利益去劝说人们购买广告所推荐的产品。

10. C 推测词考查，should表示应该，would and will表示将要,may表示可能。

11. A 广告作为一种商业形式发展了起来，并且很快在美国发展了起来。后面说到了广告的花费已经暗示广告是一种商业。

12. B 词组考查，美国尽最大的可能来利用广告。To the greatest extent表示最大可能的。

An official report, addressing concerns about the many implicaitons of genetic testing, outlined policy guidelines and legislative recommendations intended to avoid involuntary and/or ineffective testing, and so protect confidentiality. The report identified urgent concerns, such as quality control measures (including federal oversight for testing laboratories) and better genetics training for medical practitioners. It recommended voluntary screening, urged couples in high-risk populations to consider carrier screening, and advised caution in using and interpreting pre-symptomatic or predictive tests, because certain information could easily be misused or misinterpreted.

About three in every 100 children are born with a severe disorder presumed to be genetic or partially genetic in origin. Genes, often in concert with environmental factors, are being linked to the causes of many common adult diseases such as heart disease, hypertension (high blood pressure), various cancers, Alzheimer's disease, etc. Tests to determine predisposition to a variety of conditions are under study, and some are beginning to be applied.

The report recommended that all screening, including screening of newborns, be voluntary. Citing the results of two different voluntary newborn screening programs, the report said these programs can achieve compliancerates equal to or bette than those of obligatory programs. State health departments could eventually require the offering of tests for diagnosing treatable conditions in newborns, however, careful pilot studies for conditions diagnosable at birth need to be done first.

Although the report asserted that it would prefer that all screening be voluntary, it did note that if a state requires newborn screening for a particular condition, the state should do so only if there is strong evidence that a newborn would benefit from effective treatment at the earliest possible age. Newborn screening is the most common type of genetic screening today. More than four million newborns are tested annually so that effective treatment can be started in a few hundred infants.

Prenatal (preceding birth) testing can pose the most difficult issues. The ability to diagnose genetic disorders in the fetus(胎儿) far exceeds any ability to treat or cure them. Parents must be fully informed about risks and benefits of test results are positive.

Obtaining informed consent-a process that would include educating participants, not just processing documents-would enhance voluntary participation. When offered testing, parents should receive comprehensive conseling, which should be nondirective. Relevant medical advice, howeverm is recommended for treatable or preventable conditions.

Genetics also can predict whether certain diseases might develop later in life. For single-gene diseases, population screening should only be considered for treatable or preventable conditions of relatively high frequency. Children should be tested only for disorders for which effective treatments or preventive measures could be applied early in life.

36. The report aims to ____.

[A] offer a detailed description of genetic testing process

[B] stress the need for caution in the use of newborn screening

[C] interpret the significance of genetic testing to the public

[D] state the chief points of the policy guidelines on genetic screening

37. Great care should be given to the employment of information in ____.

[A] newborn screening

[B] predictive tests

[C] pilot studies

[D] informed consent

38. The phrase “in concert with”(Line2, Para2) may be best replaced by____.

[A] in contrast with

[B] on account of

[C] with relation to

[D] in company with

39. One intention of the policy guidelines wat to____.

[A] preserve privacy in genetic testing

[B]implement compulsory testing

[C] minimize concerns about quality control

[D] endorse the expansion of screening programs

40. According to the report, states should implement obligatory infant screening only____.

[A] if the compliance rate for voluntary screening is low

[B] for mothers who are at high risk for genetic disease

[C] after very careful research is undertaken

[D] to avoid the abuse of sensitive information

13. C 词义辨析，similarly词义为相似，supposedly表示想象上的，approximately表示大约，accountably表示负有责任的。

14. D 介词考查，加拿大花费了国民生产总值的1.2%在广告上。

15. A 考查关系，广告给生产商带来了大量的销售的同时，消费者也受益很多，表示的是并列的关系，while表示并列，伴随的关系，therefore表示因果关系，but表示转折关系，if表示因果关系。

16. A 词组考查，as well表示也，一样，as usual表示像往常一样，as a result表示结果，as a rule表示作为一种规则。

17. B 从句考查，由于有一些企业追随着购买者，使得一些主要通过广告进行销售的产品的价值比通过个人进行销售的价值要少很多。这句话是一个因果关系的句子，只有so that 表示因果关系，in order to 表示目的状语。

18. B 根据上下文可以知道，如果在广告上的投入很多，最后卖出商品所获得盈利必然减少。

19. D 词组考查，最后广告要为在商业电视和广播中的节目付费，同时也为广告杂志和报纸支付三分之二的费用。Call for需要，look for寻找，pay for支付。

20. D 词义考查，press报刊，出版社，publication 出版，发行，news新闻，newspaper报纸

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