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There were some consistent patterns among the heavier readers: For the younger children— ages 6 to 11—being read aloud to regularly and having restricted online time were correlated with frequent reading; for the older children—ages 12 to 17—one of the largest predictors was whether they had time to read on their own during the school day.

The finding about reading aloud to children long after toddlerhood may come as a surprise to some parents who read books to children at bedtime when they were very young but then tapered off. Last summer, the American Academy of Pediatrics announced a new policy recommending that all parents read to their children from birth.

“A lot of parents assume that once kids begin to read independently, that now that is the best thing for them to do,” said Maggie McGuire, the vice president for a website for parents operated by Scholastic. But reading aloud through elementary school seemed to be connected to a love of reading generally. According to the report, 41 percent of frequent readers ages 6 to 10 were read aloud to at home, while only 13 percent of infrequent readers were being read to.

Of course, children who love to read are generally immersed in households with lots of books and parents who like to read. So while parents who read to their children later in elementary school may encourage those children to become frequent readers on their own, such behavior can also result from “a whole constellation of other things that goes on in those families,” said Timothy Shanahan, a past president of the International Reading Association.

There is not yet strong research that connects reading aloud at older ages to improved reading

comprehension. But some literacy experts said that when parents or teachers read aloud to children even after they can read themselves, the children can hear more complex words or stories than they might tackle themselves.

“It’s this idea of marinating children in higher-level vocabulary,” said Pam Allyn, founder of LitWorld.Org, a nonprofit group that works to increase literacy among young people. “The read-aloud can really lift the child.” Other literacy experts say the real value of reading to children is helping to develop background knowledge in all kinds of topics as well as exposure to sophisticated

language.

21. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _______.

[A] the younger children and the older children have the same reading patterns

[B] for the younger children, being read aloud regularly is good to their school days

[C] for the older children, having time to read independently is very important

[D] for the older children, having restricted online time is good to develop reading habits

22. The phrase “tapered off” (Para. 2) probably means_______.

[A] stopped halfway

[B] declined gradually

[C] turned off

[D] read occasionally

23. The author mentions “ the report” in Paragraph 3 to show that _______.

[A] reading aloud through elementary school is related to children’s reading habits

[B] Maggie McGuire’s viewpoint is wrong

[C] many parents think that children read independently is the best thing

[D] there is little difference between frequent readers and infrequent readers

24. Which of the following is NOT true according to Paragraphs 4-5?

[A] Children who like to read are usually influenced by parents.

[B] The family atmosphere is crucial to children’s reading behavior.

[C] No obvious evidence proves reading aloud at older ages can strengthen reading comprehension.

[D] Some literacy experts believe there is no significance to read aloud for older children.

25. Pam Allyn argues that the advantage of read-aloud is that _______.

[A] it can enlarge children’s vocabulary

[B] it can really improve children’s reading ability

[C] it’s helpful to enrich children’s knowledge

[D] it’s beneficial for children to understand sophisticated language

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