【考点分析】

35. What is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?

[A]The eagerness to be accepted

[B]The impulse to influence others

[C]The readiness to be influenced

[D]The inclination to rely on others

【正确选项解析】 [C]The readiness to be influenced由本段最后一句可知社会影响的动力要素是：人们影响别人的能力以及被别人影响的倾向性。所以选C。

【干扰选项分析】[B] 错在impulse(突如其来的念头)

[A]错在accept

[D]错在 rely on 。

解法二：[B][C] 符合黄二。但是由第四段最后一句：

If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the casecade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people。尤其是resistant可知更强调的是“被影响”

TEXT 4

(注：本文含有的生词和难句较多，考研阅读的原则是过难的单词和句子一定不会出题，在考场上紧紧抓住能看懂的句子即可，因为文章上下文的意思都是有密切关联的。笔者把本文无需看懂的句子用删除线标出来，以便于学生更好的复习。示例：not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch。)

第一部分：36题

①Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. ②Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. ③Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. ④These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch。

【考点分析】①②“台面上，银行家们将他们的麻烦归咎于己身，台面下，他们一直把目标对准他人：会计准则制定者。”台上台下，表里不一，暗含了作者对银行家的虚伪的否定，对无辜者standard-setters的同情。③讲具体的抱怨的内容。“银行业抱怨会计规则迫使他们报告巨大损失，认为这不公平。” ④二者相比必出考点。出36题。进一步描述会计规则的内容。“规则认为他们必须以第三方付出价格来评估部分资产的价值，而非按照管理者和监管者期望该资产能够获得的价格。”本句其实只要看懂“These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not”not后面无需看懂，只要知道是与not前面不一样的方法。

36. Bankers complained that they were forced to __________。

[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules

[B] collect payments from third parties

[C] cooperate with the price managers

[D] reevaluate some of their assets。

【正确选项解析】[A] 36题 complain= moan ，not fair(③) = unfavorable , value some assets(④)= asset evaluation 所以本题属于根正苗红的同义替换。

【干扰选项分析】[B] 对④偷梁换柱。把value 偷换为collect。

[C] 与原文相反。错误一：原文④说：“These rules say they must value some assets at the price 。。。， not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch”明确说“规则不让按照managers的期待的价格评估”，所以这与cooperate(合作)相反。

错误二：原文中没有提到price manager 这个概念，④managers and regulators would like them to fetch。是定语从句来修饰price。

[D] reevaluate(重新评估)无中生有。

第二部分：37题

①Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. ②The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. ③And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult。

【考点分析】①否定常考(unfortunately)+段首常考。出40题。Unfortunately，是强烈的表示情感的词。“不幸的是，银行的游说活动看来已起作用了。”表明作者是反对银行，支持同情standard-setters。②转折常考，出37题。But之前不看，之间看后面“标准制定者的独立性——这资产市场正常运行十分重要——已经削弱了。”

①After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. ②These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. ③Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives。” ④ Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by management。”

【考点分析】①bruising encounter根本不需认识。rushed through 只需要认识through，表示 “通过”。注意：动词+介词的短语，有时候只要通过介词就可以把握句子所表达的大致方向是支持还是反对。本句只需明白“FASB通过了规则变化” 即可。 ②只需看懂：These gave banks more freedom to… value …assets and more flexibility… in their income statement。省略号所省略的内容完全可以不看。“即银行在评估资产上有了更多的自由” ③没看懂，没关系，因为后面有转折。④转折常考。出37[A]。本句只需看懂 the changes …enhance the use of judgment by management。“这些变化增加了管理层的判断的作用”

37. According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in __________。

[A] the diminishing role of management

[B] the revival of the banking system

[C] the banks’ long-term asset losses

[D] the weakening of its independence

【正确选项解析】[D] 本题定位有点难度。从第三段①可知FASB通过了规则变化。第二段的①的意思是“不幸的是，银行的游说活动看来已起作用了。”这就意味着：第一段银行抱怨的规则的不公平得到重视，规则变化了。所以37题题干问的“the rule changes of the FASB”的结果，也就是第二段②的结果。

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》中compromise 的解释：modify (sth); weaken 修改，更改(某事物);减轻;减弱;缓和。所以这里的compromise= weaken，根正苗红的同义替换。

【干扰选项分析】[A] 与原文相反。diminish与④中的enhance 相矛盾。

[B] 第二段③讲了银行复苏的条件“银行如果不以能够吸引买家的价格计量有毒资产，银行系统的复苏将会非常困难。”而本选项说FASB的规则变化会带来复苏，与③不相符合。

[C] 无中生有。