Passage Two

It is football time again. Currently, the qualifying rounds are being played to decide　which countries will send teams to the 2010 World Cup. Soccer is becoming more and　more popular on a worldwide scale and these qualifying legs are causing much excitement.

The game is popular at club level as well. Many fans go every week to support their team, whether the event is a home or away one, hoping to get a result. They all hope an attacking game, with a lot of goals being scored. Obviously, they do not want to see a boring, defensive match where the players are aimlessly passing the ball to each other.

Sadly, not all the action always takes place on the ground. All too frequently, there is action in the stands, too. Football supporters, most of whom declare their loyalty by wearing their team's colours, in the form of shirts, are not known for their

quiet behaviour. They are often very noisy, shouting noisy encouragement to their team and singing deafening songs.

There is much rivalry between supporters. Mostly, this is good-natured, but trouble can easily arise. Fans get angry if they feel that a referee has made a wrong decision, perhaps giving one of their team a red or yellow card unfairly, or perhaps failing to notice a foul (犯规) committed by a member of the other team.

When trouble breaks out in a football crowd, it can be difficult to control. Stadium officials often seat the opposing fans in separate parts of the ground as a precaution against fighting. However, preventing trouble is more difficult outside the ground. In the worst cases, riot police have to be called in.

Unfortunately, there are some fans who enjoy this violent aspect of football. These football hooligans (8fuffe) really enjoy a running battle with the police, and Call up other people to throw stones and bottles at them. They regard football not as a sport, but as an excuse for troublemaking. Inevitably, their behaviour spoils the reputation of the game.

36. The qualifying rounds are played to ______________.

A. attract soccer fans　　B. select the best teams for the next rounds

C. raise funds for the organizers　　D. decide which players are the best

37. What do the football fans hope to see?

A. A home game.　　B. A defensive game.

C. An evenly matched game.　　D. An exciting game.

38. Fans get angry when they think__________________.

A. the referee is unfair　　B. their team is losing.

C. their team is not playing well　　D. there is an intentional foul

39. Riot police are called in ________________________.

A. to separate the opposing fans inside the ground

B. as a precaution against trouble inside the ground

C. to stop fighting occurring outside the ground

D. as a precaution against fighting outside the ground

40. It is implied in the last paragraph that__________________.

A. football fans enjoy spoiling games

B. football hooligans are crazy about the games

C. football can be an excuse for troublemaking

D. football has a poor reputation

Passage Three

Our sense of smell, which we normally take for granted, is nowadays being increasingly used for purposes which might surprise us if we were aware of them. One

area in which smells are created to achieve particular results is marketing. For some time manufacturers have taken advantage of our sense of smell with regard to household goods. Millions of dollars are spent on product research in the hunt for the right smell as it is believed perfume influences the way consumers perceive a brand.

In a survey in the United States, when people were asked what was the most important factor in their choice of detergent (洗衣粉), smell was rated highly, above ingredients and price.

Now stores are becoming even more direct in their use of smell. The smell of fresh bread in a supermarket tends to encourage people to buy, and people selling their houses are recommended to have coffee being heated when potential buyers arrive. Suddenly smell is becoming big business. One company specializing in the use of smells to attract customers now has many large stores on its own list of customers. They find that when pleasant smells are filtered through a store's air conditioning system, people tend to spend longer in the store and buy more.

Research shows that smells can increase people's view of the value of a product.In a test, people looked at the same types of shoes in two rooms-one filled with purified air, the other with a smell of mixed flowers. 84%of the people preferred the shoes in the room with the smell of flowers. In fact, many said they would be prepared to pay up to US$10 more for a pair.

Smells also have other potential uses. Some companies are experimenting with different smells to produce different effects in their workers according to the time of day. For example, early in the morning they might put the smell of lemon in the air conditioning system to wake people up. In the middle of the morning, when the atmosphere tends to become more tense, the smell of wood could be used to calm people down. Before lunchtime the smell of melting butter would encourage people to go to lunch on time. After lunch, when people often begin to lose concentration, the smell of mint(薄荷) would increase their alertness.

41. Which is the most appropriate title for the passage?

A. How to avoid being affected by smells　　B. Using smells to influence people

C. The power of our sense of smell　　D. New smells in supermarkets

42. In the survey, when selecting detergent, people considered smell _______________.

A. not important　　B. as important as price

C. less important than ingredients　　D. more important than price

43. To attarct more customers, some large stores_____________ .

A. employ a company specializing in the use of smells

B. provide free coffee for them

C. filter purified air through air conditioning

D. decorate themselves with fresh flowers

44. The majority of people in the test (Para. 3) preferred ___________.

A. the smell of shoes to that of flowers　　B. the smell of flowers to that of shoes

C. the shoes in the room with purified air　　D. the shoes in the room with appealing smells

45. To produce a calming effect, some companies use the smell of_____________ .

A. lemon B. wood C. melting butter D. mint