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2017-10-31
动词不定式在句子中可以起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可以充当除谓语以外的其它成份,我们在考试中侧重考查不定式作宾语、定语、目的状语、表语的功能以及不带to的用法,下面这些动词不定式的用法大家都了解吗?
一、不定式作宾语
在以下动词hope, wish, expect, pretend, plan, decide, seem等后需接不定式作宾语。
The driver failed to see the other car in time.(司机没能及时看见另一辆车。)
上句中,to see the other car这一不定式结构充当动词fail的宾语。使用中,是否用动词不定式作宾语,或者使用不定式时是否带小词to,是由不定式前面的动词和句意决定的。有的动词后只能用不定式作宾语,不能用动词-ing形式作宾语;有的动词后只能用动词-ing形式作宾语;有的动词后可以用不定式或-ing形式作宾语。而用动词不定式作宾语时,有的动词后要求用动词原形,有的又必须用带to的不定式,有的带不带to均可。所以大家在学习中要注意动词的要求。
She pretended ______ me when I passed by.
A.not to see
B. not seeing
C. to not see
D. having not seen
解析:pretend后应接不定式作宾语,其否定式是“not to do”,故选A。
二、不定式作补语
在动词+宾语+不定式这一结构中,不定式充当宾语补足语,如:
Father will not allow us to play on the street.(父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。)
上句中,allow后带了复合宾语,其中to play on the street便是宾语补足语。这里作为宾语补足语的不定式是否带to是由前面的动词决定的。感官动词see,hear等,以及使役动词let,make,have等词后需用动词原形作宾补,不能加to。
John made her___ him everything about her plan for the trip.
A. To tell B. tell C. told D. tells
解析:本题考查make sb. do sth.结构。这里需了解make后要有一个宾语。大家知道,代词充当宾语要用宾格。she是主格,通常充当主语。her是宾格,可以作make的宾语,另外make要求动词原形作宾补,故选B。
三、不定式作定语
不定式作定语,被其修饰的名词为不定式所表动作的逻辑主语、逻辑宾语等。
例1:There are five pairs ______, but I’m at a loss which to buy.
A. to be chosen
B. to choose from
C. to choose
D. for choosing
解析:从语境可知,该空作定语修饰five pairs,且five pairs可看成后面加 for you 省略了 为该空所表动作的逻辑宾语,所以应填不定式to choose from作定语,表示“从……中挑选”,故选B。
例2:It seems that he has no pen ______.
A. to write
B. to write with
C. writing
D. writing with
解析:从语境可知该空作定语修饰pen,故选B。
三、不定式作状语
1)目的状语
to…, inorder to, so as to, so(such)…as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2)作结果状语,表事先没有预料到的,要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.
Hesearched the room only to find nothing.
例1:-Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?
-______ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.
A. Get
B. Getting
C. To get
D. To be getting
解析:从语境可知,每天吃一只鸡蛋的目的是给你提供更多的蛋白质和营养,所以应用不定式作目的状语,故选C。
例2:In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving ______ their products more competitive.
A. to make
B. making
C. to have make
D. having make
解析:从语境可知,许多国营公司正在努力的目的是使他们的产品更具竞争性,所以应用不定式作目的状语,故选A。
四、不定式作表语
不定式和-ing形式一样可作表语,说明主语的内容。
例: The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.
A. not make
B. not to make
C. not making
D. do not make
解析:本题句意是“应用新技术的目的是使生活变得更安逸,而非更困难”。通常两个以上不定式并列时,后者的to常省掉;但是如果表示对比或对照关系时,后者的to不可以省掉,故选B。
五、不定式的其它考察
考试中对不定式的考查并不仅限于考查一般形式,而更多的是考查它的进行式、完成式、被动式、完成被动式等较复杂的结构。
例1:Hurry up, he is sure ______ for us.
A. to wait
B. to be waiting
C. waiting
D. being waited
解析: be sure 后应接不定式。根据句意,现在之所以应快点走是因为他正在等我们,所以应用不定式的进行式,故选B。
例2:Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. seen
解析:从语境可知,该题第二个分句要表达“他们是否喜欢(去国外旅行),(人们)还不知道”这一意思,故选B。
六、语法练习
1.You had better ________ your shoes _______.
A.to have, mended B.have, mended C.have, mending D.have, mend
2.You’d better _________ when you come in.
A.not to wake up me
B.not to wake me up
C.not to wake up me
D.not to wake me up
3.---Do you often have someone _________ your clothes?
---Yes, I often have them ________.
A.wash, to wash B.to wash, washed C.washed, wash D.wash, washed
4.Mary had her friend ________ the best one.
A.choose B.chosen C.chose D.to choose
5.In those days my family didn’t have enough room ________.
A.to live B.living in C.to live in D.living
答案:
1.B 第二个空为have sth done结构。
2.B
3.D 体会区别 have sth done和have sb do sth。
4.A have sb do sth
5.A
动词不定式的用法的全部内容就是这些,大家都掌握了吗?更多成考相关内容请大家持续关注成考栏目的最新消息。
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