2013年成人学位英语辅导:动词形态的误用

2013-10-10 14:32:57 字体放大:  

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前此,谈到动词形态和被动语态的关系,并且指出动词过去分词的重要,以及它是许多错误之源。

除此之外,其他类型的错误,也屡见不鲜,包括下列四种:

㈠不定式动词(the infinitive),如:

① An applicant was rejected, but the personnel manager who rang up with the bad news promised to help her looked for a job elsewhere.

凡在“HELP+宾语”后面出现的一定是不定式动词,可以带“to ”,也可以不带“to”,但是绝对不可以是其他形式的动词,因此“ looked”要改为“look”或“to look”。

另一个和MAKE有关的句型,也常有形态问题,如:

② The sight of the horrible animal made our blood ran cold.

③ The long distance between Singapore and China makes Singapore's businessmen considering going to nearer countries to invest. www.yingyusanji.com

②里的“ran”和③里的“considering”都是动词形态之误,要分别改成“run”和“consider”才对。

要注意的是HELP后头的不定式动词可以有“to”或不带“to”,但MAKE后面的不定式动词绝对不可有“to”。

㈡过去分词(the past participle),如

④ Like other teaching methods, group discussion can assist students in solving recognising problems.

在英语里,过去分词和现在分词都可以转化为名词修饰语。前者表示被动及完成的活动;后者则表示主动及未完成的动作。④里的名词“problems”是已经认同的,因此现在分词“recognising”要改为过去分词“recognised”才合理。

同样的,⑤里的“describing”也要改为“described”。

⑤ The instructional techniques describing in the book have some striking features.

㈢原形动词,如:

⑥ Day in day out, housewives will lost contact with the outside world.

在英语助动词“do, shall, have”等或情态动词“can, may, must”等后面出现的是原形动词,其他形式的动词都不对。因此,⑥ 里的“lost”要改为“lose”。⑦和⑧里的“spent ”和“ entrusted”也应为“spend”和“entrust”。

⑦ Instead of joining violent demonstrators, students should spent their time studying.

⑧ Can mothers confidently entrusted their children to any day-care centre?

㈣动名词,如:

⑨ Prior to analyse teaching methods, it is important for the teacher to know something about the student's learning strategies.

⑨里的“prior to”等于介词“before”,后头带宾语。其中一种宾语是动名词或动名词短语(gerund/gerund phrase)。显然的,原形的“analyse”要变成“analysing”。⑩里的“engage”和╆里的“to repair and restore”也非改成“engaging”和“repairing and restoring”不可: ⑩ They should concentrate on their studies instead of engage themselves in mobs. ╆ The authorities spent a lot of money to repair and restore damaged public buildings.

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