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的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。

疑问句

现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。

回答：Yes, … have(has).

No, … haven’t(hasn’t).

否定句：

现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't(hasn't)+过去分词”。

3. 现在完成时的时间状语:already, just, yet, since, ever, never;

4. 与一般过去时的区别：一般过去时是强调动作在过去发生，而现在完成时是强调过去发生的动作对 现在造成了影响和后果。

5.一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, just now, …ago, last week, 2 years ago,in 1980等。

例：

We planted (plant) some flowers in the garden last week.

I have sent (send) the letter.

He has come (come ) back home, he is watching (watch) TV now.

David finished (finish) his homework just now.

The monkeys are full, because we have fed (feed) them.

A: I have lost (lose) my purse!

B. Bad luck! When did you lose (lose) it?

A: I lost (lose) it last night.

与现在完成时连用的几个副词：already, just, ever, yet, never

肯定句: already, just

疑问句和否定句: ever, yet, never

yet 常置于句末

already, never, ever just一般置于助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前.

例：用 already, just或never, yet完成句子

1) I have been to many big cities, but I have never been to Shanghai.

2) Most of us have already finished our compositions.

3) Have they taken down the old pictures yet ? No, not yet .

4) He has already visited Beijing twice.

5) I have just heard the news. I know it.

7. 现在完成时中的for和since

(1)for + 一段时间(用How long提问)

We have known each other for ten years. 我们相识10年了。

(2)since + 句子/具体时间

since 引导的短语或从句用How long提问

①since+过去一个时间点(具体的年、月、日、钟点等)。

Tom has eaten nothing since yesterday.

②since + 一段时间+ago

We have been friends since five months ago. 从5个月前起，我们就成了朋友。

③since+从句，表示“自过去某个时间、某件事情以来”，从句时态：一般过去时。

I have lived here since I left Shanghai.

④It is+一段时间+since从句，表示“自从某件事发生已有一段时间了”。

It is two years since I left school.

8. 在含for或since引导的时间状语的现在完成时中，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。非延续性动词不能直接和for或since 连用。

leave --- be away die --- be dead

begin/start --- be on finish --- be over

come here --- be here go there --- be there

come back --- be back fall asleep --- be asleep

get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in) leave --- be away from

go (get) out --- be out open sth --- keep sth open

join --- be in+组织机构/be a member of+组织机构

fall ill --- be ill get up --- be up

catch a cold --- have a cold borrow --- keep

buy --- have get to know --- know

put on---wear

例：

1. The old man died 4 years ago.

The old man has been dead for 4 years.

2. It is 4 years since the old man died.

Four years has passed since the old man died.

3. He joined the Party 2 years ago.

He has been in the Party for 2 years.

4. I bought the book 5 days ago.

I have had the book for 5 days.

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