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1. —Peter, could you please take out the trash?

—Sure, Mom.

—Could you please do the dishes?

—Sorry, I can’t. I have to do my homework.

(1)在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用could代替can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而can则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把could看作can的过去式。以上两句中用could是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了can, could之外，还可以用may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例：

①Could/Can/May I use your car for a day?

②I wonder if I could use your car for a day?

③Do you mind if I use your car for a day?

对于①、②句所作允答可以各种各样，如同意可以说Yes，或Sure或Certainly，还可说Yes, (do) please. 或Of course. (you may/can). 或Go ahead, please. 或That’s OK/all right. 如果不同意，可以说I’m sorry you can’t. 或I’m really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说No, you can’t. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。对于句(3)所作回答可以说Never mind. /Not at all. 表“不介意”。不能用Yes. /Sure. /Of course. /Certainly.等。

无论肯定还是否定应答中，要避免使用could，要用can或may。因为应答须用确定的语气。而could在表请求的问句中是为了表示礼貌或委婉语气，用在应答中则成了不确定语气，与情理不符。所以应答中不说Yes, you could. 或No, you couldn’t. 而要说Yes, you can. 或Sorry. /No, you can’t.

(2)区别动词do和make。

“do”与动作及非实质性的事连用，与词尾是-ing的动作名词连用，如：do the dishes(洗餐具)，do my homework(做我的家庭作业)，do chores(做家务，处理琐事)，do the laundry(洗衣)，do the shopping(购物)，do some reading(读书)

“make”表示“做、制造”、“整理”、“冲、泡(饮料)”等，如：

make your bed(铺床)，make breakfast(做早餐)，make dinner(做晚饭)，make tea(泡茶，沏茶)，make myself a cup of coffee(给自己冲一杯咖啡)

(3)take out 带出(人)，取出(物);take out of 从„„里取出

2. Could I please use your computer?

Sorry, I’m going to work on it now.

Well, could I watch TV?

Yes, you can.

Could I/you please „?表示一种有礼貌的请求或提议，其后连接原形动词，比Can you /I„?语气更委婉。类似句型有：Would you like + sth. / to do sth.?

May I + do sth. ?

Shall we + do sth.?

Would you mind + sth. /doing sth.?

What / How about + sth. /doing sth.?

肯定回答有Sure. /Of course. / Certainly. /OK. /Great. / Well. / Good idea. / I agree. 等。否定回答有Sorry „. / No, you can’t. 等。

3. I hate to do chores.

—Do you like to do the laundry?

—No, It’s boring.

I don’t like doing the dishes because it’s boring.

(1)hate vt. “不喜欢，讨厌、恨”，没有进行时。hate后可接to do也可接doing，意义无大差别，只是to do更多表示具体的一次性的动作，而doing更多表示习惯性，经常的一般的动作。这与like后接to do或doing的用法一样。

(2)对比由动词加-ing和-ed构成的形容词：

动词加-ing构成的形容词可以指人或物，在句中作定语或表语;动词加-ed构成的形容词通常用来指人，作表语，通常不作定语。例：

boring—bored, relaxing—relaxed, surprising—surprised, exciting—excited, interesting—interested

4. Could I invite my friends to a party on Saturday?

invite vt. “邀请”，意同ask，但invite更正式。

①invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事。

e. g. They invited me to join their club.

②invite sb. to sth. / invite sb. for sth.

e. g. He invited us for the concert.

I want to invite my friends to a party.

③invitation n. 邀请

e. g. Thanks for your invitation.

Thank you for asking /inviting me.

5. Thanks for taking care of my dog.

“take care of”“照顾、照料、注意”，意思侧重于负责任的意思，后面的宾语可以是表示人或事物的名词或代词。

e. g. Mother takes good care of her children.

It’s not easy to take care of the sick.

Take good care of the books.

注：look after一般情况下可替换take care of，意思上强调看管或照料。 I have to look after my sick dog at home.

6. Play with him.

play with „ “玩„„;用„„娱乐。”

e. g. Little girls like playing with dolls.Tell children not to play with fire.

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