(2)give up 意思为“放弃，停止”，后面可跟动名词形式作宾语。如：

Give up smoking! It’s no good to you! 戒烟!烟对你没好处!

I can do nothing more. I have to give up.

我无能为力，只好放弃。

4. Which of these do you think is the second most useful invention?

你认为哪一个是第二有用的发明?

(1) do you think 是插入语，常置于疑问词之后，不能置于疑问词之前，作“你认为……”解释。如：

— How old do you think my father is?

— I think he’s fifty.

— 你认为我父亲多大年纪了?

— 我想有五十岁吧。

— Who do you think will teach us English this term?

— Mr Li, I think.

— 你认为这个学期谁将教我们英语?

— 我想是李教师。

(2) 在最高级前加系数词second, third…，表示程度比较次要，意思为“居第二/ 第三位的……”。如：

Changjiang River is the longest one in China. And Yellow River is the second longest one.

长江是中国最长的河流，黄河是第二长河。

Bill is the second tallest in our class.

比尔在我们班上身高第二。

(3) 注意词型的转换：invent v. 发明

invention n.. 发明(物)

inventor n.. 发明家(者)

Edison was a great inventor. He invented lots of things. During his lifetime, he had 1093 inventions.

爱迪生是个伟大的发明家。他发明里许多东西，一生中有1093项发明。

5. When he was a child, he was always asking questions and trying out ideas.

当他还是个孩子的时候，他总是问一些问题，试验一些新的想法。

(1)always与进行时态连用，表示说话人厌烦、赞赏、不满、批评等情感，意为“总是……”。如：

The girl behind me is always talking in class.

坐在我后面的女生上课总是讲话。 (表示厌烦)

The PLA are always doing good deeds for the people.

人民解放军总是为人民做好事。 (表示赞赏)

(2)try out 意为“试验;试用”。如：

The inventor is excited, and he is going to try out his new machine. His idea sounds fine, but we need to try it out in practice

这位发明家很兴奋，他要试一下他的新机器。他的主意听起来不错，但我们要在实践中试验一下。

2001年高考题例：We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it ________ very well.

A. worked out B. tried out C. went on D. carried on

答案：A

6. Most of the questions had nothing to do with his lessons.

多数问题都与他的功课无关。

have nothing to do with 意思是“与……无关“。如：

You stay in another city. This has nothing to do with your.

你在另一个城市。这跟你没有关系。

另外：

have something to do with 与……有关

have much to do with 与……有很大关系

have a little to do with 与……有一点儿关系

have little to do with 与……几乎没有关系

注意：此处的替换词都是不可数的，不能用many, a few，或few替换。疑问句中要用anything，如：

— Did her speaking have anything to do with the question?

— Yes, it did. What she said had something /much /a little(little) to do with our work.

— 她的话与问题有关吗?

— 是的，她的话和我们的工作有些关系/有很大关系/有一点儿关系(几乎没有关系)。

7. The teacher didn’t want to teach Tom any more.

老师再也不想教汤姆了。

not…any more 意思为“不再;再也不”相当于not…any longer，通常可用no longer代替，在句中作状语，表示动词或状态不再延续。如：

I can not wait any longer /any more. =I can no longer wait.

我再也不能等了。

8. He learnt very fast and became very interested in science.

他学得很快，对自然科学产生了浓厚的兴趣。

be (become ) interested in …对……感兴趣。注意此处是interested，不是 interesting。

That girl is (becomes ) interested in singing and dancing. My brother feels drawing is interesting. They both have their own special likes and hobbies.

那女孩对唱歌跳舞感兴趣。我弟弟对画画感兴趣。他们都有自己的喜好。

9. Edison saw a little boy playing on the railway tracks at a station.

爱迪生看见一个小男孩在车站的铁轨上玩。

see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事，表示某人的动作正在进行，用现在分词;see sb.do sth.看见某人做某时，表示某人的动作已结束，使用省略to的不定式。如：

A thief robbed Jim’s wallet last night. Mary saw a wallet lying on the ground after that. I said I saw the thief enter the shop twice that day.

昨晚，一个小偷抢了吉姆的钱包。之后，玛丽看见地上有个钱包。我说我曾看见那个小偷进了那家商店两次。

10. The boy was too frightened to move. …The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send message by telegraph.

男孩吓坏了，动不了。……男孩的父亲非常感激他，就教爱迪生如何通过电报发送信息。

(1) too…to…太……以致不能……

too 后只能接形容词或副词, too…to可以转换成so…that…。so+形容词/副词+that +从句 意思为：“如此;以致于”转换后的that从句应是否定句。如：

She is too young to do the job. =She is so young that she can’t do the job.

他太年青了，不能做这项工作。

The book is too difficult for me to read. =The book is so difficult that I can’t read.

这本书太难了，我看不懂。

I was so angry that I couldn’t speak. =I was too angry to speak.

我愤怒得说不出话来。

He spoke so fast that I could hardly follow him. =He spoke too fast for me to follow.

他讲得太快，我几乎听不懂他的话。

注意后一句中follow 后面不能再接him，因为:如果不定式动词与主语具有逻辑上的动宾关系，则不能再加宾语。

(2)句型such(a/an)+形容词+名词+that从句,也可表示 “如此……以致于……”。such后面的名词可以是单数，复数或不可数。如：

This is such a good book that all of us like it very much. =

This is so good a book that all of us like it very much.

这是一本很好的书，所有的人都喜欢看。

She is such a good teacher that all of us love her. =

She is so good a teacher that all of us love her,

她是一位好老师，我们都爱她。

注意：在such…that 句型中，当such后的名词有many, much, some, few, little several等词修饰时则需用so…that句式。如：

She has so few friends that she is always lonely.

她们很少有朋友，以致于总是寂寞的。

I’ve so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.

我摔了这么多跤，弄得全身青一块紫一块的。

11. What do you want to do after you graduate from school?

你毕业后想做什么?

句中graduate 作动词，后接介词from，如：

I want to be a teacher after I graduate from school.

我毕业后想成为一位老师。

12. Don’t you think his radio is too noisy?

难道你不认为他的收音机太吵了吗?

分析：这是一个否定疑问句，相当于“难道不……?”回答以事实为根据，事实是肯定的，回答用Yes。中文翻译为“不”;若事实是否定的，回答用No，中文翻译为“是的”。如：

— Don’t you think they speak too quickly?

— Yes, I do.

— 难道你不认为她们讲得太快了吗?

— 是够快的。

13. Let’s ask him to turn it down.

我们让他把收音机音量关小。

turn down意思为“把音量关小“，反义词是turn up把音量开大，类似的短语还有：turn on “打开”，turn off “关掉”，其中on, off ,down, up都为副词，因此代词作宾语，必须位于动词之后，副词之前。如：

The TV is too noisy. Please turn it down.

电视机太吵了。请把音量关小。

Please turn off the lights when you leave home, and turn up the radio. Then nobody dare break in.

当你离开家的时候，请关灯，将收音机开大一点。没人敢闯进来。

关于动词不定式的教学建议

动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种。所谓非谓语动词就是不能做谓语的动词结构。正因为如此，所以他不受主语的人称和数的变化的影响，不必和主语保持一致，没有人称和数的变化。不定式是由to+动词原形构成，这个to只是不定式的一个符号，没有任何实际意义。另外，由于是动词不定式，他自然具有了动词的性质，因此可以带宾语和状语，不定式加上它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。虽然不定式不能做谓语动词，但是可以作除谓语以外的其它句子成分。

动词不定式极其短语在本单元中出现的几种语法功能：

1) 用作宾语

I’ve begun to learn English.

我已经开始学英语。

The old man always forgets what to do.

那位老人总是忘记该做什么。

Liu Mei wanted to ask the teacher a question.

刘眉想问老师一个问题。

句中to learn English, what to do, to ask the teacher a question分别作谓语动词begun, forgets, wanted的宾语。

动词不定式作及物动词的宾语，常用的及物动词有begin, want, hope, forget, remember, like, love, need, try, ask, learn, wish, agree, choose, start：等。

2) 用作宾语补足语

Tell the child not to play on the road.

告诉孩子们不要在路上玩。

My father told me to turn the radio down.

我父亲告诉我要我把收音机的音量调小些。

I often help my mother (to) do housework at home.

我经常在家帮助妈妈做家务事。

句中not to play on the road, to turn the radio down, (to) do housework at home分别作tell, told, help的宾语补足语。

注意：1.作动词ask, like, tell, want等的宾补时，动词不定式要带to。如：

2.表示感官和使欲的动词，如：let, make, feel, hear, see, watch等，作这些动词的宾补时，动词不定式不带to。如：

My parents don’t let me swim in the river.

我父母不让我在河里游泳。

Did you watch the old man get into the bus?

你注意到那位老人上了公共汽车吗?