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一、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别

现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，已过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。

比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。

I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。

— I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。

— Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)

二、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别

虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：

1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。

比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.

They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.

2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。

She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too.She had just won the first in the composition competition.

3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。

He entered the room, turned on the light and read an eveningpaper.

Ⅰ. MultipleChoices.

1.I lost the dictionary I ________.

A.have bought B.bought C.had bought D.had been bought

2.The train had gone when my brother _______ at the station.

A.have arrived B.arrived C.had arrived D.am arriving

3. Mary _______ of visiting her grandmother, but the bad weathermade her change her mind.

A.has thought B.thought C.had thought D.had been thought

4.------Did you meet Tom at the airport? ------No，he _______ by the time I______ there.

A.has left;got B.had left;arrived C.left;arrived D.left;had got

5.-------Why didn’t Tom attend the meeting yesterday? -------He __________ Beijing.

A.has gone to B.had gone to C.went to D.had been to

6.-------I _______ to come to help you. ------But you didn’t come.

A.have meant B.had meant C.meant D.will mean

7.Finally one of my friends _______ by Beijing University，for which she ___ five timA.were admitted; had tried B.was admitted; had tried C.were admitted; has tried D.was admitted; tried

8.------I have bought you the books you want. ------Oh，good，I _______ afraid you had forgotten.

A.was B.am C.had been D.have been

9.We _________ four thousand new words by the end of last year.

A.had learned B.have learned C.learned D.will have learned

10.Helen _______her keys in theoffice so she had to wait until her husband ______home.

A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come

11. My father _________ to the hospital when I hurried home.

A. had gone B. went C. had been taken D. had been sent

12. ----- Jim, ________ you _________ your homework?

----- Yes, of course, but I ________ it late bed time.

A. do do; finished B. did do; had finished C. have done; hadfinished D. have done; finished

13. You ____ football after school. Why not go home and do yourhomework first?

A. always played B. are always playing C. have always played D.have always been playing

es

14. Eversince Picasso’s painting went on exhibit, there ____ large crowds at the museumevery day.

A. is B. has been C. have been D. had been

15. ---What do you think of my suggestion? --- Sorry. What’s that?I _____ about something else.

A. was thinking B. thought C. am thinking D. had thought

Ⅱ. Fill in theblanks according to the meanings of the sentences by using tenses of the verbs.

1. How many English songs ___________ she __________ (learn) bythe end of last month?、

2. Hardly _______ I ______ (get) on the bus when it started tomove

3. He __________________(read) the book before he was ten yearsold.

4. She said she ___________________ (see) the film before.

5. Our English teacher _________________ (teach) English inGuangxi for ten years before he came to No.113 Middle School.

6. By the end of last month, they _________________(complete)thebridge .

7. No sooner ________ I _______ (go) out than he came to see me.

89. The classroom _______________ (clean) before we ___________(get) there yesterday.

10. ________ the boy ___________ (finish) his homework before yousaw him?

11. When we got to the station, the train _____________ already_____________. (leave)

12. The book __________ by the end of last month. (finish)

13. When I got back to the shop , my bag _________________ (take)away by someone else.

14. When I arrived at the cinema, the film _________________ (be)on for ten minutes.

15. ---What’s that terrible noise?

---The neighbors ______ (prepare) for a party.

16. The mayor of Beijingsays that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ______ ( complete) by2006.

17. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ______(visit) a museum when the earthquake struck.

18. ---Mr. Johnson didn’t turn up at the meeting yesterdaymorning, did he?

--- No. We __________ (wait) till twelve o’clock. A whole morningwas wasted.

19. ---Why haven’t you asked her to come here?

---She _______ (do) an important experiment when I found her andshe ________ (not, finish) it.

答案：

Keys:

Ⅰ. 1-5 CBCBB 6-10BBAAC 11-15. DDBCA

Ⅱ. 1. had learnt2. had got 3. had read 4. had seen 5. had taught 6. had completed 7. had gone8. had gone 9. had been cleaned, got 10. Had finished 11. had left 12. had beenfinished 13. had been taken 14. had been on 15. are preparing 16. will havebeen completed 17. was visiting 18. were waiting 19. was doing, hasn’t finished

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