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初中英语宾语从句知识点讲解

宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序：在复合句中，宾语从句部分要用陈述语序。

(1) 陈述句作由that引导的宾语从句时，语序不用调整。

(2) 一般疑问句作宾语从句时，其结构为whether / if +陈述句。原一般疑问句的主语前如果是助动词do / does / did，应去掉，谓语动词应改为其相应的形式;原一般疑问句的主语前如果是don’t / doesn’t / didn’t，则直接将其放到主语之后;原一般疑问句的主语前如果是be 动词、情态动词或其他助动词，则应将其放到主语之后。如：

Does he like apples? I don’t know. ----- I don’t know whether he likes apples.

He asks: Is Tom a diver? ----- He asks whether Tom is a driver.

(3) 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时， 如果疑问词作主语或主语的定语，其语序不用变化;如果疑问词充当其他句子成分，则宾语从句的结构为连接代词 / 连接副词+陈述句。如：

Who can answer the question? I want to know. ----- I want to know who can answer the question.

Whose book is on the desk? We all know. ----- We all know whose book is on the desk.

When will they arrive? Please tell us. ----- Please tell us when they will arrive.

宾语从句的引导词

(1) 陈述句作宾语从句引导词用that。that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，无实际意思，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：

He said (that) it was cold in Moscow. Mother knows (that) Jim will work hard.

(2) 一般疑问句作宾语从句引导词用whether或if。whether或if表示“是否、是不是”的意思，不能省略。如：

I want to know if / whether the answer is right. Lucy asked if / whether they had a cheaper shirt.

(3) 特殊疑问句作宾语从句引导词用原来的疑问词，只不过在宾语从句中称作连接代词或连接副词。连接代词或连接副词在从句中充当一定的句子成分，有一定的意思，不能省略。如：

Please tell him which class you are in. He asked me whom I was waiting for.

Could you tell me where the post office is? Please ask the teacher how we can get there.

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