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【学习内容】

1.作定语

(1)作定语时,如果过去分词是单个词,一般放在名词前;如果是过去分词短语,要放在名词后,表示主语的状态或已完成的动作。

We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.只要得到补偿金,我们就继续做我们的实验。

The girl is reading a novel written by Hanhan.

这个女孩正在读韩寒写的一本小说。

(2)过去分词作定语与所修饰的名词有动宾关系或逻辑上的主谓关系时,表示被动或完成,也可以转换成相应的定语从句。

The broken window(=The window which was broken)will be replaced soon.破损的窗户很快就会被换掉。

They wanted to cut through the fallen trees(=the trees that had fallen).他们想锯断倒下的树。

温馨提示:过去分词作定语时与定语从句的关系:

①及物动词的过去分词可改为动词为被动形式的定语从句。

lost time—time which is lost

a well-known writer—a writer who is well known

②部分不及物动词的过去分词作定语时可改为动词为完成式或动词为表示状态的定语从句。

retired workers—workers who have retired

a learned man—a man who is of much learning

a sunk ship—a ship which has sunk

2.作表语

过去分词作表语,表示主语的状态,且该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分词可以被看作是一个形容词,是形容词化的过去分词。常用来作表语的过去分：interested,excited, bored, tired, delighted, discouraged ,astonished ,worried , frightened等。其中系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。

I was very disappointed at the news that our team had lost.

听到我们队失利的消息我很失望。

Gone are the days when the Chinese people were looked down upon.

中国人受歧视的日子一去不复返了。

3.作宾补

(1)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类:

①表示感觉或心理状态的动词或词组。如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, find等。

I heard the song sung in English.

我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。

He found his hometown greatly changed.

他发现他的家乡变化很大。

②表示“致使”意义的动词。如:have, make, get, keep, leave等。

I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。

He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.

他昨天把牙拔了。

③表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词,如:like, order, want, wish, expect等用“vt.+宾语+(to be)+pp”。

I would like this matter(to be) settled at once.

我希望此事立刻得到解决。

I wish my homework(to be)finished before five o’clock.

我希望5点前完成我的作业。

温馨提示:过去分词作宾补时,过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。

(2)过去分词作宾补时,要注意几种情况。

①使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。

a.过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。

I had my computer repaired yesterday.

我昨天找人修了电脑。(别人做)

b.过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历则表示一种遭遇或经历。

He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。(自己的经历)

②过去分词在原句中作宾补时,如果原句变为被动语态,那么过去分词就在新句中作主补了。

The big fire is reported controlled.

据报道这场大火已经得到控制。

The meeting room was found thoroughly cleaned and everything was arranged in good order.人们发现会议室被彻底打扫了,一切都布置得井井有条.

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