2014初中英语语法详解之动词语态解析

和时态一样，语态也是动词的一种形式，用来说明句中主语和谓语的关系。如果动作由主语执行，就可使用主动语态，如果主语不是由主语执行，主语是动作的承受者，则可使用被动语态。由此我们可以看出英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者，什么事情被主语做。被动语态的构成和形式被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成，一定要记住是及物动词。助动词必须与主语的人称和数一致，注意要与我们前一讲学过的八个时态配合使用。

适合被动语态的情况：

不知道动作由谁发出，或由于某种原因没有必要说明谁发出动作。如： This table is made of wood. 　　需要突出或强调动作的承受者时，如： This park was built for children.

注意：主动句中的主语如果是people，they，somebody等含糊的表示"人或人们"，没有确指执行者是谁，为被动句时，通常省略"by+执行者"。如：The door was opened secretly. But nobody came in.

注意：在主动句里,不定式在make，see，hear等动词后面作宾语补足语时都不带to，但变成被动句时，后面的不定式都需带to。如：He was made to do that work.

主动语态不能变被动语态的情况：学了被动语态，别以为主动句和被动句可以随意转换，千万要注意呀!有些主动语态不能转换成被动语态。当宾语是反身代词时, 如：You should take care of yourself.　当谓语是表状态的而不是表具体动作的及物动词时，如：Does the skirt suit you?

练习：

1. The stars _______ in the daytime.

A. can't see

B. can't be seen

C. can't been see

D. see

2. A present _______ to me by Mother next week.

A. will give

B. is given

C. will be give

D. will be given

3. The Communist Party of China _______ in Shanghai in 1921.

A. was found

B. found

C. was founded

D. founded

4. Great changes _______ in my hometown since liberation.

A. have been taken place

B. took place

C. have taken place

D. were taken place

5. I was astonished (吃惊) to hear that the colour TV set _______ 5,000 yuan.

A. has cost

B. cost

C. costed

D. was cost

6. He was seen _________ something from the shop.

A. steel

B. to steal

C. to be stolen

D. stealed

7. She has _________ by her classmates.

A. laughed

B. laughed at

C. been laughed

D. been laughed at

8. The computer ________ in the room.

A. can use

B. can be use

C. can be used

D. can used

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