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1) 连接词的省略

有时,and 和 or 没有必要翻译出来

Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm.

大多数美国人精力充沛,热情高涨

They have courage and do not give in easily.

他们有勇气,不轻易屈服

Foreigners sometimes complain, however , that they have little interest in or knowledge of the outside world.

然而,外国人却有时抱怨说,美国人对外部世界漠不关心,一无所知

Promote physical culture and build up the people's health .

发展体育运动,增强人民体质.

下句中before也没有必要翻译出来

Never get on or off the bus before it comes to a standstill

车未停稳,切勿上下

2) 冠词的省略

英译汉过程中,不定冠词a, an除了表示"一"这个数量概念时需要译出之外,其他情况下往往省略不译

They are prepared to take the initiative , even when there is a risk in doing so .

他们做事会采取主动,即使这样做要冒风险,也在所不辞

He is an Englishman , and not an American .

他是英国人,不是美国人

They have a wide knowledge of everyday things , and a keen interest in their particular city and state.

他们对日常事情所知甚广,对所在的城市和州深为关切

定冠词the的省略见下例

Is the sole aim of most Americans to make money and possess luxuries which could be called excessive?

赚钱和拥有可以称得上过多的奢侈品,是不是大多数美国人的唯一的目标

The use of bacteriological weapons is a clear violation of international law.

使用细菌武器显然是违反国际法的

The individual American is generous, but the American nation is hard.

美国人作为个人是慷慨的,但美国人作为一个民族则是吝啬的

3) 代词的省略

当代词做宾语时,说话人和听话人,或者读者都知道指什么,汉译时需要省略

If you like the books , you can take them with you .

如果你喜欢这些书,就拿去吧

They pride themselves on their independence , their right to make up their own minds.

他们为能独立行事,为有权做出自己的决定而感到骄傲

4) 介词的省略

*有些表示时间的介词可以省略

When the Constitution was written in 1787, there were only 13 states.

1787年起草宪法时,只有十三个州

*有些表示地点的介词的省略

What scenic spots are there in Shanghai ?

上海有什么风景区?

*有些与名词到搭配的介词可以省略

Their skyscrapers , bridges and dams often have a splendor which matches in beauty and scales the country's natural wonders.

他们的摩天大楼,桥梁和水坝往往气势壮观,与美国的自然奇观之壮美和恢弘相得益彰

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