【知识拓宽】

(1)有些词受汉语影响，多一副词或介词，造成词义重叠。

return back回来，repeat again重复，flee away逃走，enter into进入，blue color蓝色，stop down停下来，raiseup举起来，unpack open打开

(2)定语从句中的一个名词，已由关系代词取代，再用其替代词是多余的。

I do remember you having apologized to the old lady Imet her last week

(3)单音节的形容词或副词比较等级加-er.-est，多音节加more、most，但二者不能同时重叠使用。

As a result, people in the modern world generally livemuch more longer than people in the past.

4.出现冗言现象

(l)Today l visited the Smiths-my first time visit toan American family.

【解析】本句中的first修饰visit，visit此处为名词，意为“我的第一次访问”，time多余。

(2)Now I can't watch much television,but…【解析】根据上下文，此处应是“我根本不能看电视”，因此受汉语影响，多了much，造成冗言。

【知识拓宽】

(1)状语从句与主句之间多一并列连词。

①Though he tried his best, but he failed.

②The more he has, and the more he wants.

(2)充当状语的介词短语与主句之间多一关系代词或关系副词。

①In the last five years that they have climbed churches一②…in other places where you are limited to a certainnumber...

(3)充当状语的分词与主句之间多一并列连词。

Sitting down,and he began to work.

(4)从属连词后多一个that。

She was absent from the meeting because that she was ilL(5)复合宾语前多一个that。

I found that her lying on the ground.

5.固定搭配中多词

(1)I was used to watch it every night.

【解析】此处属于used to do与be used to两个固定搭配的误用，应去掉was，取“过去常常”之意。

(2)…in any other words,Iam only a child.

【解析lin other words为固定搭配，意为“换句话说”，而any other意为“任何别的……”，与本文上下文不符。

6.行文逻辑上多词First, let me tell you something more about myself.

【解析】由first可知是刚开始向别人讲述自己的故事，故只能说something，而不能加more。

二、缺词

1.名词前缺限定词

(1) Each player must obey^captain, who is theleader of the team.the【解析】此处应加上the，特指“球队的队长”。

(2) The day before the speech contest^Englishteacher talked to me.my【解析】根据上下文分析，此处English teacher是有所指的，指的是“我的”英语老师，故加上my，表达一个更确切的概念。

(3)I'1I take this chance to wish you^ wonderful timeon your birthday. a【解析lwish sb.awonderful time为固定搭配，意为“祝某人玩得愉快”。

【知识拓宽】

(1)在“so+形容词十可数名词单数”结构中，名词前不能缺a或an。

This is so good a book that we will buy it.

=This is such a good book that we will buy it.

(2)little,few表示肯定时，前面不能缺a，意为“一些”。

如a little water，但是“每隔几分钟”应说成every fewminutesa

(3)有些不可数名词(如metal, beauty, iron, tea,coffee, ice, youth, pleasure, success, failure等)，表示“一种”“一个“一份”时，应加上a或an。

Work is a pleasure to me.

(4)“the+姓氏复数”表示一家人时，the不能省。

The Browns like to go skating.

(5)表示“两者之中比较……的一个”时，比较级前应加the。

He is the taller of the two boys.

(6)在句中可数名词不可单独使用，前面应有限定词，如his,that,Tom's,the,a等。

When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook^head. his2.缺动词不定式符号to(1) I'd like very much^come but I have anexamination on Monday morning. to【解析】like后面不能直接加动词，需加to，构成固定搭配“would like to do”，意为“想做……”。

(2)一.and will do all they can^ make sure that l geta good education to【解析】不定式作目的状语，不定式符号to不可省。

【知识拓宽】

(1)不定式作后置定语，不定式符号to不能省。

But then there are always more mysteriesAlook into:_____to

(2) -般说来，两个实义动词不能并列使用，中间常用to连接。

①7Ihe World Health ()rganization and other organizationsare workingAimprove health all over the world_____to

②i had always wantedA retum to the village _____to

(3) feel, hear, let, make,have, see, notice, watch,ob。。rv。等动词变成被动结构时，充当主语补足语的不定式不能省去to。

Little Tom was made to do heavy work

(4)为了避免重复前面的动词，后面的不定式常常省略，但要保留不定式符号to。

We wanted to go to the lecture, but we weren't able to

3.缺系动词

(l)neyA eager to Imow everything about China：.'were【解析】eager为形容词，必须加系动词构成系表结构。

( 2)What^ your favourite sport?IS【解析】本句缺谓语动词，应加is。

( 3)I'd like to^ your pen-friend, and. be/become【解析】本句考查I'd like to do结构，根据上下文，必须加上系动词。

【知识拓宽】

(1)由于受汉语语法规则的影响，有些形容词作表语时，常常缺少系动词。

She is afraid of her boss.

(2)在被动结构中，由于缺少助动词，变成了主动语态，造成错误。

…and let you know when the book you want has^returned and is ready for you to pick up.been4.缺介词(l)We must keep in mind that we play for the teaminstead^ ourselves._____ of【解析linstead of为固定短语，意为“而非，而不是”，后接宾语。

(2)…but the others spent a lotA time arguing_____of【解析la lot of是固定习语，意为“许多，大量”，后加宾语。

【知识拓宽】

改错题对介词的考查，重点是一些固定搭配，再如：

WhenI have free timeI go^along walk..for，因此，同学们在学习和复习中应牢记一些固定搭配。

5.缺连词In one class,l learned^ it rained.why【解析】本句因缺连词而造成句子成分残缺，只有加上why，句子的意义才完整。

【知识拓宽】

(1)在汉语中，分句与分句之间往往不用连词，但在英语中却不行。

It began to rain,^ they had to stop working. and

(2)受母语影响，几个同类词并列连用时，它们之间往往缺一连词。

CDi told Mother, Father, Sister,^ all my friends herewhat a great time I had.and②He looked inside but saw nothing.

(3) that引导的主语从句置于句首时，that常常不能省。

That light travels in straight line is known to all.

(4)引导同位语从句的连词that，when等常不可省。

(DThe doctors came to the conclusion that the patientwas suffering from cancer.

②i have no idea when he will return(5)在even if，even though，as if'as though等短语中，第二个连词不能少。

He walks as if/though he were drunk

三、错词

1.可数名词单复数误用

(l)They were eager to know everything about Chinaand asked me lots of question

(2) We study quite a few subject, such as maths,Chinese, English and physics.

(3) We practise three times every week and oftenwatch football match on TV together.

(4) She said that she and my schoolmate' all.wishedme success,.

(5)…so that l'11 get good marks in all my subject.___

(6)…and many happy return of the day_____

( 7)I used to love science class-all of them-biology,chemistry, geography, physics.

【知识拓宽】

对名词单复数的考查是高考的热点之一，几乎每年考查一处。因此，为了对名词错误判断准确，应该：

(1)弄清名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。

We stopped to rest for a while and to drink somewaters from a stream water

(2)掌握好可数名词复数的变化规则。

There are branch library in many villages libraries

(3)要熟练运用名词的所有格。

2.时态误用

(l)We havea good tinte talking and laughing together.

had

(2)I learn about you from my English teacher, MissFang.

learned

(3)I was a member of our school football team am

(4)I arn happy with any programme but the othersspent a lot of time...was

(5)I remembered her words and calm down calmed

(6)They did not want me to do any w,ork at home do【知识拓宽】

动词时态是短文改错考查的热点之一，一般说来每年考查一处，而且近几年高考主要考查现在时与过去时的使用 ，再如：I had an examination on Monday moming. have

3.非谓语动词误用

(l)It was very kind of them to meet me.at the railwaystation and drove meto their home drive

(2)I look forward to hear from you soon hearing

(3)Play football not only makes us grow up...

Playing

(4)I was often alittle tired after a day's work andwatch TV demands very little effort.

watching【知识拓宽】

(1)由以上考例可见，v.-mg形式作主语、宾语或状语是考查的热点。

CDi'ii spend the whole weekend reading and preparefor it. preparing②After learn the basics of the subject, nothing elseseemed very practical to me. learning