C

Elephants display complex social behavior, living in tightly knit families that are matriarchal梩hat is, headed by the oldest females. Families are composed of sisters, cousins, aunts, and nieces, and their young offspring. rFamilies range in size from 2 to 29 individuals. These animals may remain together for life. If a family becomes too large, a few females leave to start a new herd.

The members of a family bathe, forage, and travel as a group. Family members typically stay within 46 m(150 ft) of the matriarch, maintaining contact with their calls. If they are separated even for a matter of hours, their reunion is marked by an elaborate(复杂的) greeting ceremony, which includes running, rumbling, spinning, trumpeting, clicking tusks, and rubbing each other’s bodies with their heads. The family also defends the young, sick, old, and disabled from predators. When the elder cow in a family dies, the next oldest cow usually takes her place as leader.

Yong males begin to wander away from the family at about age six, and gradually spend more and more time away, alone or in the company of other young males. When they become sexually mature they either leave the family for good or are driven away by the older females. They may roam about on their own or join other males to form bachelor herds, remaining nearby but operating independently of the female-led family units. Bulls within bachelor herds occasionally battle, although rarely to the death, to determine who is boss within their herd.

During their seasonal migrations, many family groups may travel together as a single herd led by the oldest female, the matriarch. If a predator threatens, the herd groups together, with the matriarch facing the enemy and the young elephants hiding behind the adults. When danger comes too close, the matriarch charges or leads the herd in a stampede to defeat the enemy.

28. A matriarchal family is one in which __________.

A. there are only female members B. a male takes the control

C. males and females live together D. the oldest female acts as the leader

29. We can learn from the first paragraph that _________.

A. an elephant family will grow bigger and bigger

B. only one adult male elephant will remain in the family

C. the smaller an elephant family is, the better it will be

D. an elephant family will remain in a certain size

30. If a member returns after separating from the whole family for an hour, _________.

A. it will be driven away by other elephants

B. all the elephants will celebrate it

C. it has to do everything possible to please other elephants

D. other elephants will give it a warning but accept it

31. Adult male elephants will _________.

A. stay far from the female family B. depend on the females for a living.

C. form a herd of single sex D. always go about on its own

D

The Swine Flu is not the only thing you catch at work. The latest research demonstrates what we’ve all known to be true, that emotions are contagious(感染性的). Researchers call them emotional contagions and they impact our work environments, productivity, teamwork and performance in significant ways.

As we know all too well, one negative leader can make work miserable for his/her team. An employee in a bad mood can turn off and turn away countless customers. Complaining can act like a cancer and spread throughout the entire organization and eventually destroy your goals. And negative attitudes can spoil the morale and performance of teams with great talent and potential.

That’s the bad news… but there’s also good news. One positive leader can rally(召集)a group of willing people to accomplish amazing things. One positive team member can slowly but surely improve the mood and morale of his/her team. And positive attitudes and emotions at work can fuel the morale and performance of your organization.

These are the reason when I am invited to speak to businesses, schools and sports teams I say that everyone in the organization contributes to the culture of it.

You are not just a creation of your culture. What you think matters. What you value matters. And the energy you share with others, whether it’s positive or negative，really matters. You can be a germ and attack your organization’s immune system or you can act like a dose of vitamin C and strengthen it.

So the next time you head into work with a bad mood you might want to stop before you walk in and consider what your boss would say if you had the Swine Flu. You can go home so you don’t infect anyone with your bad mood, or you can choose to get healthy right there, change your attitude, and decide to be positively contagious.

You are not an island to yourself. You are forever contagious and you and your emotions impact the world around you.

32. What does the writer probably do?

A. A manager. B. A psychologist. C. An athlete. D. A coach.

33. From the passage, we can learn that ________.

A. few people know that emotions can be contagious

B. employees affect the teamwork more than leaders

C. positive emotions are as contagious as negative emotions

D. a positive member can improve the mood of the team quickly

34. The underlined word “these” probably refers to________.

A. negative emotions B. positive emotions

C. personal contributions D. emotional contagions

35. The passage is developed mainly by________.

A. examples and explanation B. comparison and persuasion

C. facts and descriptions D. figures and conclusion