C

When we give our kids holiday gifts, many of us can’t wait to hear their appreciative cries of “thank you!” once the wrapping gets ripped off. But here’s a tip: You’d be wise not to expect much gratitude from them for what they receive.

Gratitude can make us happier, healthier, and even fitter. But do the kids show their gratitude for the stuff we buy them? All the research I’ve done has convinced me that it won’t happen. One mom told me that when she asked her 16-year-old son to thank her for buying him a cellphone, he said, “But that’s what moms should do.” From a teenager’s angle, it’s a parent’s responsibility to take care of the family. According to Dunham, Yale’s assistant professor of psychology, “When teenagers code it that way, a gift is no longer something given freely and voluntarily”—it’s just mom and dad living up to their obligation.

Parents do have the right to demand good manners and children should thank sincerely whoever gives them something. But kids can’t know how blessed they are unless they have a basis for comparison. And they don’t learn that by a parent complaining that they’re ungrateful. We need to give our children the gift of a wider world view. Show by example that gratitude isn’t about stuff—which ultimately can’t make any of us happy anyway. It’s about realizing how lucky you are and paying your good fortune forward.

You can collect all the charitable appeals and sit down together with the kids to go through them. You set the budget for giving and the kids decide how it’s distributed. Once the conversation about gratitude gets started, it’s much easier to continue all year. Also you can set up a family routine at bedtime where kids describe three things that have made them grateful. When kids go off to college, you can text them a picture each week of something that inspires your appreciation.

Teaching children to focus on the positive and appreciate the good in their lives is perhaps the greatest gift we can give them. And we can all learn together that the things that really matter aren’t on sale at a department store.

8. How do children respond when receiving gifts from their parents?

A. They show no interest in their parents’ gifts.

B. They can’t wait to open their parents’ gifts.

C. They show much gratitude to their parents for the gifts.

D. They take their parents’ gifts for granted.

9. To make children grateful for what they have, parents should _________.

A. live up to their obligation B. ask their children to have good manners

C. teach their children by setting an example D. complain their children are ungrateful

10. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?

A. No gifts are greater than teaching children to be positive and grateful.

B. Children ought to realize how lucky they are to have considerate parents.

C. Children are supposed to decide how to distribute their own money

D. It is easy for parents to start the conversation about gratitude.

11. What’s the purpose of the author writing this text?

A. To explain the reason why children offer no gratitude to their parents.

B. To give advice to parents on how to help children develop gratitude.

C. To encourage parents to do things together with their children.

D. To remind parents of their responsibility to educate their children.

D

People with an impulsive personality refer to those who tend to do things without considering the possible dangers or problems first. According to a new study by researchers at the University of Georgia, such people may be more likely to have food addiction. The study found that people exhibiting impulsive behavior weren’t necessarily overweight, but impulsiveness was related to a direct relationship with food, and therefore, less healthy weight.

Food addiction has been compared to addictive drug use. Studies have linked the dopamine (多巴胺) release that occurs after tasting delicious food to the dopamine release that happens when people consume other addictive substances.

Impulsive behavior involves several personality(特点). Two of these s, known as negative urgency and lack of perseverance, were particularly associated with food addiction and high BMI (身体质量指数) during the study.

Negative urgency is characterized by the tendency to behave impulsively when experiencing negative emotions. Some people might drink alcohol or take drugs. For others, it could mean eating to feel better. Lack of perseverance is when a person has a hard time finishing hard or boring tasks. People with a lack of perseverance might have difficulty attempting to change addictive eating behavior, which could also cause obesity.

“Impulsiveness might be one reason why some people eat in an addictive way despite motivation to lose weight,” said Dr. Ashley Gearhardt, a clinical psychologist. He was involved in developing the Yale Food Addiction Scale in aid of those people. “We are theorizing that if food addiction is really a thing, then our measure, the Yale Food Addiction Scale, should be related to helping control impulsive action,” said Gearhardt.

Clinical psychologist Dr. James MacKillop, whose lab was conducting the study, believes that therapies used to treat addictive drug behavior could help people who suffer from addictive eating habits.

“Most of the programs for weight loss at this point focus on the most obvious things, which are clearly diet and exercise,” MacKillop said. “It seems that managing strong desires to eat would naturally fit in with the skills a person would need to eat healthily.”

12. According to Paragraph 1, the result of food addiction is ________.

A. less healthy weight B. motivation to lose weight

C. negative emotions D. taking alcohol or drugs

13. How does the author introduce the two personality traits in Paragraph 4?

A. By making comparisons and conclusions. B. By explaining causes and effects.

C. By presenting questions and answers. D. By giving definitions and examples.

14. What can be inferred about the Yale Food Addiction Scale from the text?

A. It has been successfully carried out among overweight people.

B. It might help some impulsive people with food addiction to lose weight.

C. It will prove whether food addiction is a problem to impulsive people.

D. It is theoretically a proper treatment for addictive food and drug behavior.

15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Dopamine release caused by food addiction B. Food addiction compared to drug use

C. Impulsive personality linked to food addition D. Food addiction contributing to obesity