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知识点：词法性错误

1.冠词：冠词的考查主要集中在不定冠词a，an及定冠词the的混用和漏用。主要包括以下几个方面：(1)不定冠词a和an互改;(2)不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改;(3)定冠词the的多余或缺失;(4)单数可数名词前冠词的缺失(一般情况下，单数可数名词在句中出现时，其前需要加上适当的冠词或其他限定词);(5)不可数名词表示泛指时冠词的多余;(6)常见固定搭配的错用。

(1)After a hour or so webegan to feel very frightened.

解析　因hour以元音音素开头。答案　a→an

(2)I decided to climb thetree to see where we were.

解析　因此处并非特指，而是泛指。 答案　the→a

(3)Good health isperson's most valuable possession.

解析　这里的a表泛指。 答案　person's前加a

(4)Maybe you could comeduring a winter holidays.

解析　此处的winter holidays属特指或者是谈话双方都知道的。答案　a→the

(5)Suddenly，I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.

解析　catch sight of是习语，意为“看见，瞥见” 答案　去掉a

2.名词：名词的考查主要包括名词的数的用法(可数名词与不可数名词的混用，可数名词单复数的错用);名词格的误用、名词前限定词的用法以及抽象名词与物质名词具体化的用法。

(6)We stopped to rest fora while and to drink some waters from a stream.

解析　因“水”为物质名词，不可数。 答案　waters→water

(7)There are branchlibrary in many villages.

解析　因其前的谓语动词are为复数形式。答案　library→libraries

(8)I hope that you twocould come and visit us some times soon.

解析　some time意为“某时”。 答案　times→time

(9)They were eager toknow everything about China and asked me lots of question.

解析　因其前有表示复数意义的修饰语lotsof。 答案　question→questions

3.代词： 短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾格变化、各类代词的误加与漏用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词的用法(尤其是在意思上用错)、代词在某些习语中的用法等。

(10)David pointed to apath which it he thought would probably lead to a village.

解析　因它与其前的关系代词which语义重复。答案　去掉it

(11)When we walked to thecar，Bill smiled and shook head.

解析　汉语为“摇头”，而英语的习惯是说shake one's head。 答案　head前加his

(12)We climb everywhere，not only in America. They have been to Europe manytimes.

解析　前后人称不一致。 答案　They→We

(13)The Smiths did hisbest to make me feel at home.

解析　因前面的the Smiths指的是“史密斯夫妇/一家”，是复数意义。答案　his→their

4.形容词与副词：形容词与副词主要考查两个方面：

(1)形容词与副词的错用。包括近义形容词的错用、近义副词的错用、形容词与副词之间的混用以及以-ly结尾的副词和不是以-ly结尾的同根副词之间的误用、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式的形容词辨析等;

(2)原级、比较级和最高级的误用。包括原级、比较级和最高级之间的混用;比较级的修饰语使用不当。常见的比较级修饰语有a bit，a little，much，far，many，a lot，even等;常见的最高级修饰语有almost，by far，nearly等;常见的和原级搭配的结构有as...as;how与what的混用也是常见考点。

(14)Last Sunday，police cars hurried to the taller building in New York.

解析　因从含义上看此处应是最高级。 答案　taller→tallest

(15)As a result，people in the modern world generally live much morelonger than people in the past.

解析　因为longer本身已是比较级，不能再用more修饰。 答案　去掉more

5.介词与介词短语：短文改错中对介词的考查主要集中在介词短语及介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配等。介词与名词的常见搭配：

与to搭配的名词：answer，reply，key，visit，apology，introduction，entrance，invitation等。

与in搭配的名词：expert，interest等。

与on搭配的名词：mercy，congratulation等。

其他介词与名词的搭配：victory over，advantage over，respect for，prize for等。

(16)Bill insisted instaying near the car.

解析　insist on为固定搭配。答案　in→on

(17)When they came down，the police were angry to them.

解析　要表示“对某人生气”，习惯上用be angry with sb。 答案　to→with

(18)Most people canquickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.

解析　因其前的get是及物动词。答案　去掉for

6.动词：除动词时态与非谓语动词之外，动词考点还包括被动语态、情态动词、动词用法辨析、动词be的误加与漏用等。

(19)Charles and Lindawere seeing near the top of the building.

解析　因为从含义上看，此处谓语应用被动语态。 答案　seeing→seen

(20)Books may be keep forfour weeks.

解析　因此处要用被动语态。 答案　keep→kept

(21)...and let you knowwhen the book you want has returned.

解析　因从句意上看，此处要用被动语态。 答案　returned前加been

(22)Uncle Ben will alsogo back for Christmas.

解析　由句意可知。 答案　go→come

(23)They eager to knoweverything about China and asked me lots of questions.

解析　因此处缺谓语动词。 答案　eager前加were

7.非谓语动词：短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号to的有无，介词后该使用动词的什么形式(用动名词)，并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致，动词用作主语时用何种形式(可用动名词或不定式，但不能用动词原形)等。

(24)David and I wanted gooff to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car.

解析　因为want后要接不定式。答案　wanted后加to

(25)...rather than gointo the forest and getting lost.

解析　因为get与其前的go并列。 答案　getting→get

(26)Modern people knowmore about health，have better food，and to live in clearer surroundings.

解析　因为live与其前的know，have并列。 答案　去掉live前的to

(27)...you pay the costof send a postcard，the librarian willwrite to you.

解析　因为介词后接动名词作宾语。 答案　send→sending

【模拟短文改错】

Mother’s Day was around the corner. My good friend 1. _____

Alice, Jenny and I get together, discussing what weshould do to 2. ____

our respect for. Alice was planning to buy some flowers with 3.______

his pocket money in honor of her mother. Jenny was going to buy 4. ____

vegetables to cook delicious dinner for her family on that day,because 5. _____

she wanted to experience how many her mother does for herfamily 6. ____

every day. As for me, I’d like to make a greeting card, said 7. ______

“Happy Mother’s Day”, in which I would also tell my mother 8. ______

to pay attention to health or promise her to study harder. 9. ______

We are looking forward toMother’s Day. 10. ____

【参考答案及解析】

1.friend --- friends  考查名词的单复数。根据后为可知应是两人，故用复数形式。

2.get --- got 考查动词时态。根据上文可知事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时。

3.去掉for  考查介词的用法。此处what作do的宾语，for是多余的。

4.his --- her 考查代词指代一致。根据文意Alice是女名，故用her。

5. cook 后加 a  考查冠词的用法。此处dinner是可数名词，其前应加a。

6.many --- much 考查词义的区别。此处do much for为。。。做得多。

7.said --- saying   考查现在分词作定语。此处相当于定语从句whichsays “Happy Mother’s Day”

8.in --- on考查介词的用法。此处onwhich相当于on the card。

9.or --- and 考查句意理解。此处and表并列。

10.V经分析本句正确。

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