语法是从众多的语法单位里抽象出其中共同的组合方式、类型及如何表达语义的规则，以下是语法素质提升训练，请考生及时进行练习。

一、单句填空

1.(2015·北京，21改编)________(catch) the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.

答案：To catch　To catch在此作目的状语。句意：为了赶上早航班，我们提前订了出租车并且起得很早。

2.(2015·北京，23改编)The park was full of people，________(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.

答案：enjoying　enjoying为现在分词作伴随状语，与people形成逻辑上的主谓关系。句意：公园里人山人海，他们在沐浴着阳光愉快地玩耍。

3.(2015·北京，31改编)If ________(accept) for the job, you'll be informed soon.

答案：accepted　accept与主语you构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词。句意：如果你被录用了，我们会很快通知你。

4.(2015·天津，5改编)________(absorb) in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching.

答案：Absorbed　动词absorb有“使专心”之意，常见短语be absorbed in，所以用过去分词作原因状语。

5.(2015·天津，8改编)________(work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.

答案：Having worked　该题逻辑主语是Steve，与动词work是主谓关系，已知谓语动词为managed to finish，“成功完成”，比较动作work和已知谓语可知，先工作两天，才成功完成，因此用可表示发生在已知谓语动词之前的having worked。

6.(2015·陕西，17改编)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on ________(thank) all the people who had helped in her career.

答案：to thank　go on后接to do或doing作宾语均可以，但是go on doing表示“继续干同一件事”，而go on to do则表示“继续干另一件事”。由语境可知，Anne Benedict在接受奖项后又继续干另一件事，即：感谢帮助过她的人，故要用动词不定式作宾语。句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖项之后，Anne Benedict继续感谢所有曾经在她的职业生涯中帮助过她的人。

7.(2015·陕西，18改编)Back from his two­year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ________(take) good care of at home.

答案：taken　分析结构可知，此处是“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，宾语补足语可以是do，doing或者done。若宾语与补语之间为主谓关系，且强调动作的全过程，用省略to的动词不定式，即do;若宾语与补语之间为主谓关系，且强调动作正在进行，用doing;若宾语与补语之间为动宾关系，用过去分词作宾补。此处his mother与take good care of之间为动宾关系，要用taken作宾补。句意：在非洲医疗服务两年后回来，李博士看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好，他很高兴。

8.(2015·浙江，18改编)Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it ________(perform) live is quite another.

答案：being performed　由live(现场直播)可知“听到音乐正在被演奏”，故填being performed。

9.(2015·湖南，30改编)When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，________(wonder) whether to stay or leave.

答案：wondering　句意：当店员看到一张慈祥的脸上挤出一副抱歉的笑容时，她愣愣地站在了那里，不知是去还是留。此句的谓语动词是stood，所以wonder在此用­ing形式作伴随状语。

10.(2015·湖南，34改编)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students ________(talk) over what is bothering them.

答案：to talk　talk over讨论。分析句子结构可知act as a listening ear for fellow students to do sth.中的to do sth.是作students的宾语补足语。句意：有时我充当一个倾听者来倾听我的同学们讨论他们的烦心事。

11.(2015·重庆，11改编)Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ______(use) the sun and the stars.

答案：using　using the sun and the stars在句中作状语，与逻辑主语birds构成主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：像古代水手那样，鸟可以利用太阳和恒星来找到路。

12.(2015·福建，28改编)________(learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.

答案：To learn　由语境可知，此处是动词不定式作目的状语。句意：为了更多地了解中国文化，杰克决定把中国民间音乐作为选修课。

13.(2015·福建，33改编)In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，________(combine) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”.

答案：combining　由语境可知，infosphere与combine之间为主谓关系，故要用doing作状语。句意：近几年，一个英语单词infosphere出现了，它把“信息”与“气氛”的含义结合在一起。

14.(2015·江苏，24改编)Much time________(spend) sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.

答案：spent　本句为独立主格结构。逗号后为主句，逗号前为独立主格作原因状语。time与spend是被动关系，故填spent。句意：因为花费很多时间坐在桌子旁，办公室职员一般都受健康问题的困扰。

15.(2015·课标全国，66)When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough________(cool) the house during the hot day.

答案：to cool　句意为：当新的一天到来时，这些墙已经释放完它们的热量，现在冷得足够能让房子在炎热的白天保持凉爽。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，此处应用不定式作结果状语，be adj. enough to do sth.为固定结构，意为“足够……去做某事”。