策略二、把握作者意图

每一篇文章都有其写作目的。那么作者是如何在文章中体现自己的思想呢?他通过哪些语言向读者传达了自己的感受呢?我们在阅读的同时怎样收集、综合各种信息，体会作者的情感呢?了解这些有助于我们在做阅读理解题时把握作者思路，领会文章内涵，做出正确的选择。要做到这一点，我们需要从两个方面入手：一是把握作者的写作意图，二是把握出题的角度。下面我们就分别分析一下。

一、对于写作意图的把握

有的文章只是客观地介绍一件事或物，或各方观点，作者不发表自己个人的意见，如一些科技文，新闻事件报道等。这样的文章属于“广而告知型”。要根据客观事实答题，一是一，二是二，凡与事实不符的选项，或文中没有提到的事实，当然都是不能选的。这样的题目难度一般都不会很大。最难于驾驭的是一些故事性、情感经历性的文章。因为作者在行文时会用到一些写作手法，如倒叙、插叙等。往往还会有一些思想、情感的波动。这就需要我们在阅读时认真把握，细心体会。

1.注意连接词的使用：Near the end of the last year in middle school，my dad took me to the wildlife refuge.He needed to get some aligator blood to do the experiment.At first，I thought fishing for alligators was a bad idea.What if one tried to eat me?But we had a lot of help，and my dad knew a lot about alligators，so it was OK.

通过第一句可知这是倒叙。我们知道了结果：作者去了野生动物保护区。接下来是作者当初由反感、害怕到最后打消顾虑同意去。都是通过连接词at first，but，so等展开的。所设题目是：

Why did the writer think that fishing for aligators was a bad idea at first?

A.Because the writer was afraid of the fierce alligators

B.Because we should protect alligators

C.Because the writer was not as brave as his father

D.Because the writer knew little about alligators

弄清了作者的思想波动就不难选出正确答案A了。

2.注意一些形容词及某些特定句式的使用：透过一些形容词可以看出作者的倾向，如：Isn't that wonderful if we get there by air?(作者希望坐飞机去那里。)

某些句型表面看上去是比较级，而实际上是最高级含义。My mother decided to take me on the trip.It couldn't be better.(It couldn't be better=It's great.意为“太好了”)

某些否定形式的句子实际上是肯定含义：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our environment too much.(再怎么强调保护环境的重要性也不过分。)作者以这样的句子体现自己的观点：必须加大力度保护环境。

注意虚拟语气的使用。How I wish I had passed the driving test.(我多么希望已通过了驾照考试呀!)此句暗含的事实是：并没通过考试。

3.将自己想象为故事中的主人公，体会其心理感受

有一篇文章，写一个老太太刚刚在海边买了一座

别墅，打算在那里度过余生。因为那里的气候湿润温暖，更适合她的健康。此时她站在曾经生活了25年的房子里，最后环顾这曾经装载了她的大半生的房子。所给的问题是：How does the old lady feel at the last moment in her old house?正确答案是：Her feeling is complex.其他的选项如She is happy/She is sad等都片面。只要我们设身处地站在老太太的位置上想一想，就不难找到正确答案。

4.把握全篇文脉，仔细揣摩事情发生的背景

我们不仅要掌握一定的语言知识，还需要平时储备一定的逻辑推理能力以及必要的西方的文化背景知识，才能完全领会文章的主旨或者其所渗透出的幽默感。请看下面这篇介绍父子关系的文章。第一句话就开门见山：My father and I were very close.He was always proud of my success.然后用一个事例说明：If I won a spelling contest at school，he was on top of the world.如果知道be on top of the world是“高兴至极”的意思，也只是理解了语言的表层含义。接下来：When I was named President of the Ford Motor Company，I didn't know which of us was more excited.正确理解了上文的铺垫，才会真正领会此句暗含的意味及幽默：实际上父亲比我还高兴。如果对西方人的生活方式及习惯比较了解的话，也不难接受下面的句子：I hugged and kissed my dad at every opportunity———nothing could have felt more natural.我们再来继续欣赏一下父亲鲜明的个性：My father was a curious man who was always trying new things.He was the first person in my town to buy a motorcycle.Unfortunately，my father and his motorcycle didn't get along too well.He fell off it so often that he got rid of it just a month after buying it.As a result，he never again trusted any vehicle with less than four wheels.读懂了这些，就不难理解下文中为什么父亲不让“我”拥有一辆自行车，反而当“我”刚满16岁就让我开车了。正确理解了文章的来龙去脉及内涵，对于文后题目的处理也就会轻而易举了。

二、对于出题意图的把握

1.正确理解一个事物的两个方面

有些题目不是直接照搬原文的话，而是用一些另外的语言表达出同样的意思，因此我们必须掌握用英文解释英文的技能。如一篇介绍辍学学生的文章，文章先后两次谈到学生辍学后的感想。第一次：Most students who dropped out of school in the United States admit they made a mistake by giving up and some say they might have stayed if classes were more chalenging.

第二次：three out of four said if they could turn back the clock they would choose to stay.文后的题目是Which of the folowing is right according to the passage?正确答案是：Most dropout students hope to go back to school if possible.虽然

原文没有像题目这样明确说明，但其实这是一个事物的两个方面;对于辍学的后悔其实就是希望继续上学。通过正确推断这些文句的含义，即可找出正确答案。

2.以文章内容为基础进行判断

有些题目要根据短文的内容来判断正误，这就需要按作者的思路去考虑，站在作者或文章内容中出现的人物的立场上予以辨析，不能依据自己的喜好或认知判断。