B

Occasional self-medication has always been part of normal living. The making and selling of drugs have a long history and are closely linked, like medical practice itself, with the belief in magic. Only during the last hundred years or so has the development of scientific techniques made it possible for some of the causes of symptoms to be understood, so that more accurate diagnosis has become possible.   The doctor is now able to follow up the correct diagnosis(诊断)of many illnesses with specific treatment of their causes. In many other illnesses, of which the causes remain unknown, it is still limited, like the unqualified prescriber (出具处方者), to the treatment of symptoms. The doctor is trained to decide when to treat symptoms only and when to attack the cause: this is the essential difference between medical prescribing and self-medication.

The advance of technology has brought about much progress in some fields of medicine, including the development of scientific drug therapy (治疗法). In many countries public health organization is improving and people's nutritional standards have risen. Parallel with such beneficial trends have two harmful effects. One is the use of high-pressure advertising by the pharmaceutical(制药)industry, which has tended to influence both patients and doctors and has led to the overuse of drugs generally. The other is the emergence of the sedentary (需要久坐的) society with its faulty ways of life: lack of exercise, over-eating, unsuitable eating, not enough sleep, too much smoking and drinking. People with disorders arising from faulty habits such as these, as well as from unhappy human relationships, often resort to self-medication and so add the taking of pharmaceuticals to the list. Advertisers go to great lengths to catch this market.

Clever advertising, aimed at chronic (慢性的) sufferers who will try anything because doctors have not been able to cure them, can induce such faith in a preparation, particularly if steeply priced, that it will produce—by suggestion—a very real effect in some people. Advertisements are also aimed at people suffering from mild complaints such as simple colds and coughs, which clear up by themselves within a short time.

These are the main reasons why laxatives, indigestion remedies, painkillers, tonics, vitamin and iron tablets and many other preparations are found in quantity in many households. It is doubtful whether taking these things ever improves a person's health; it may even make it worse. Worse because the preparation may contain unsuitable ingredients; worse because the taker may become dependent on them; worse because they might be taken in excess; worse because they may cause poisoning, and worse of all because symptoms of some serious underlying cause may be masked and therefore medical help may not be sought.

24. The first paragraph is intended to ________.

A. suggest that self-medication has a long history

B. define what diagnosis means exactly

C. praise doctors for their expertise

D. tell the symptoms from the causes

25. Advertisements are aimed at people suffering from mild complaints because ________.

A. they often watch ads on TV

B. they are more likely to buy the drugs advertised

C. they generally lead a sedentary life

D. they don't take to sports and easily catch colds

26. Paragraphs 2 and 3 explain ________.

A. those good things are not without side effects

B. why clever advertising is so powerful

C. why in modern times self-medication is still practised

D. why people develop faulty ways of life

27. The best title for the passage would be ________.

A. Medical Practice B. Clever Advertisin C. Self-Medication D. Self-Treatment

C

In ancient Japan, if you saved someone’s life, they would make it their duty to spend the rest of their life serving you. Nowadays, if you rescue someone’s story, he or she will feel the same kind of gratitude (感激).

It happens all the time. Someone in a group is telling a story and, just before their big point, BOOM! There’s an interruption. Someone new joins the group, a waiter with a plate of biscuits comes over, or a baby starts crying. Suddenly everyone’s attention turns to the new arrival, the food on the plate, or the “charming” little child. Nobody is aware of the interruption — except the speaker. They forget all about the fact that the speaker hasn’t made his or her point.

Or you’re all sitting around the living room and someone is telling a joke. Suddenly, just before their big punch line (妙语), little Johnny drops a dish or the phone rings. After the crash, everyone talks about little Johnny’s carelessness. After the call, the subject turns to the upcoming marriage or medical operation of the caller. Nobody remembers the great punch line got unfinished — except the joke teller. When it’s you entertaining everyone at a restaurant, have you ever noticed how you can almost set your clock by the waiter coming to take everyone’s order just before your funny punch line?

Most joke and story tellers are too shy to say, after the interruption, “Now, as I was saying …” Instead, they’ll spend the rest of the evening feeling bad they didn’t get to finish. Here’s where you come in. Rescue them with the technique I call “Lend a Helping Tongue.”

Watch the gratitude in the storyteller’s eyes as he stabilizes where his story sunk and he sails off again toward the center of attention. His expression and the appreciation of your consideration by the rest of the group are often reward enough. You are even more fortunate if you can rescue the story of someone who can hire you, promote you, buy from you, or otherwise lift your life. Big winners have excellent memories. When you do them subtle favors like Lend a Helping Tongue, they find a way to pay you back.

28. Very often, a storyteller cannot make his point because _________.

A. people are more interested in food than his story

B. many guests bring their babies to the party

C. he is interrupted by something unexpected

D. his story is easily forgotten by the listeners

29. From Paragraph 3, we know that when someone is telling a joke, _________.

A. something bad will surely happen just before their punch line

B. listeners’ attention is often drawn to something else

C. the only person really interested in the joke is the joke teller

D. the waiter knows when to take everyone’s order

30. How can we help the joke and story tellers when they are interrupted?

A. By giving them a chance to finish.

B. By comforting them to make them happy.

C. By going on telling the story for them.

D. By teaching them some useful techniques.

31. What is the text mainly about?

A. People should learn how to take turns in a conversation.

B. We can win someone’s heart by getting him back to his story.

C. Telling jokes will make you the center of attention.

D. It is impolite to cut in on someone’s talk.

D

Once upon a time, science fiction was just a style among other styles. There were crime stories, there were horror stories, there was literary fiction–and there was science fiction. But today science themes dominate these other styles. It’s difficult to think of much modern crime, horror or “serious” fiction that doesn’t involve science.

And it’s not just books. With every second movie and computer game having a sci-fi element, science fiction seems to have controlled our entire entertainment culture. It’s clear that if we want to define science fiction we should relate it to the role that science plays in our lives. Perhaps the place to start is by noting when it began.

Although some experts have claimed to be able to trace sci-fi back to ancient times, it is more plausible to find it in initial form in the 19th century, when industrial societies arose. One of the features that set industrial societies apart from other kinds was the increasing part that science played in everyday life. Factories with vast machines turned out huge quantities of goods, which were transported by trains, motor vehicles and ships all over the world. Cities were built on the back of technology, with electricity in homes and hospitals helping everyone to lead healthier, more convenient lives. All of these changes had great effects not only on people’s real lives, but on their imaginative ones.

Writers began to articulate these changing physical and mental landscapes, eventually giving science fiction a large and devoted fan base of especially young readers, who found that it spoke to their curiosity about the future that science would create.

But sci-fi reflected fears about science more than it did hopes. These typical early science fiction novel might be a UK novel like H.G. Wells’ The War of the Worlds (1897). With great skill, Wells played upon the fears of technology by imagining Earth under threat by a civilization –that of men from Mars.

The science fiction of today expresses the impact of the computing revolution, robotics and our environmental challenges, while it is less concerned with “little green men from Mars” and other themes of past sci-fi.

Given that science, technology and politics are always intertwined (交织), contemporary science fiction often has a great deal to say about power. Many recent novels – like American Cory Doctorow’s Little Brother (2008) – are concerned with government and security service “conspiracies (阴谋)” against the people, particularly as the revelations of whistleblowers like Edward Snowden sink in. This can give sci-fi writing a “skeptical” feel.

This underlines one of the features that remains constant between the beginnings of the empire of science fiction and its state today.

As then, so now: We want to read about how fearful the future will be, not how it will be a paradise (天堂).

32. The underlined word “dominate” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_________”.

A. induce         B. represent         C. interfere          D. influence

33. What caused science fiction to appear in the 19th century?

A. The curiosity of young readers about the future.

B. The changes that the industrial revolution brought about.

C. People’s stretched imagination affected by their real life.

D. People’s fears about science rather than hopes.

34. What is mostly conveyed in contemporary science fiction?

A. Our earth is threatened by aliens from Mars.

B. Modern crime and horror are involved in science.

C. Power is a very important element to ensure security.

D. Entertainment culture and environmental issues are crucial.

35. What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. The impact of the science fiction.

B. The development of the science fiction.

C. The content of the science fiction.

D. The characteristic of the science fiction.

第二部分  根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。

Bad breath can be a major problem. The good news is that it can often be prevented with some simple steps.

Bad breath is caused by certain bacteria that grow in the mouth. When you don't brush regularly, bacteria accumulate in your mouth and between your teeth.    36   Certain foods, especially ones like garlic and onions that contain pungent (辛辣的)oils, can contribute to bad breath because the oils are carried to your lungs and out through your mouth.     37     Some people think that as long as you brush your teeth, you shouldn't have bad breath.     38      That, however, just doesn't remove the smell. To sufficiently clean all the surfaces of your teeth, you should brush for at least 2 minutes at least twice a day.

Many people believe that if you breathe into your hand, you'll know when you have bad breath. But it’s wrong!      39    When you talk, you tend to bring out the smell from the back of your mouth (where bad breath starts), which simply breathing doesn't do. Also, because we tend to get used to our own smells, it's hard for a person to tell if he or she has bad breath.

If you’re concerned about bad breath, make sure you’re taking care of your teeth and mouth properly. If you brush properly and visit your dentist for regular cleanings but your bad breath persists, you may have a medical problem.     40    They can figure out if something else is behind your bad breath and help you take care of it.

A. These bacteria make your breath smell.

B. In that case, call your doctor or dentist.

C. Smoking is also a major cause of bad breath.

D. Remember to brush your tongue, too — bacteria love to hang out there.

E. The truth is that most people only brush their teeth for 30 to 45 seconds.

F. When you breathe, the smell bounced back by your hand can be easily sensed.

G. When you breathe, you don^ use your throat the same way you do when you talk.

三.语言知识技能运用(共两节，共45分)

【一】完形填空(每题1.5分，共30分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

The Lifesaving Dog

Three-year-old Alida Knobloch and her 60-pound golden dog, Mr. Gibbs, are almost inseparable. They are   41  by a special link of love and, because of   42  rare lung disease, by a two-foot tube that delivers   43  from tanks on the dog's back to Alida's nose.  44  at eight months old with the disease called NEHI, Alida, who lives inGeorgia, is   45  to breathe normally on her own for more than 45 minutes. So Mr. Gibbs   46  her almost everywhere, carrying ten pounds of 47  , including an oxygen tank.

Young children normally don 't have the   48  to control a service dog, but Mr. Gibbs and Alida, along with her  49  , have worked closely with dog trainer Ashleigh Kinsleigh to develop the   50  relationship between the girl and the dog.

“His job is to do   51  she does,” says Kinsleigh. So far, Mr. Gibbs has learned to jog     52 Alida's bike, follow her as she plays around the family home, and park himself below her high   53 while she eats.

“We're   54  that by the time Alida starts kindergarten, Mr. Gibbs will be able to go with her,” says her father.

Child hood   55  experts have told the Knoblochs that children can grow out of the necessity for additional oxygen, but Alida will probably always   56  some kind of oxygen assistance. Now the Knoblochs can't   57  a time the two companions won't be   58  . Mr. Gibbs seems to need Alida as much as she needs him, says Aaron. “The dog is upset if he and Alida are   59  even for a moment. ”

For young Alida Knobloch, the dog Mr. Gibbs is a true   60  .

41. A. to uched      B. encouraged      C. limited      D. connected

42. A. Alida’s      B. the dog’s      C. her father’s      D. her mother’s

43. A. oxygen      B. water        C. food        D. medicine

44. A. Charged      B. Suff ered      C. Diagnosed      D. Treated

45. A. eager        B. willing      C. unable        D. difficult

46. A. carries      B. accompanies    C. guides        D. entertains

47. A. toys        B. snacks        C. drink        D. equipment

48. A. desire      B. emotion      C. skill        D. q ualification

49. A. parents      B. teachers      C. friends        D. pets

50. A. strange      B. special        C. tense        D. ridiculous

51. A. wherever      B. however      C. whenever      D. whatever

52. A. on        B. off        C. over        D. alongside

53. A. bike        B. bed        C. chair        D. cupboard

54. A. hoping      B. suggesting      C. warning      D. discussing

55. A. education      B. disease      C. sport        D. nutrition

56. A. refuse      B. carry        C. offer        D. need

57. A. spend      B. await        C. imagine      D. escape

58. A. face-to-face    B. side-by-side    C. hand-in-hand    D. Heart-to-heart

59. A. apart        B. together      C. absent        D. present

60. A. teacher      B. lifesaver      C. trainer        D. pet

第II卷  非选择题(共50分)

三.语言知识技能运用(共两节，共45分)

【二】语法填空(每空1.5分，共15分)

阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Taking a taxi in some Eastern European countries can be 　61　shocking experience. It is said that some taxi drivers have metal wires 　62　(stick) into the passenger’s seats. And when a button 　63　(push), the seat will give you an electric shock. These taxi drivers don’t do this　64　fun. They do it to tourists 　65　argue about the ridiculous fares they charge. Some drivers charge as much 　66　ten times the legal fare. They have a secret switch which makes the meters much　67　(fast). If you refuse to pay, you are really in for a shock. In one case, a German woman had no choice but to pay US$120 for a US$20 ride from the airport. She said that she was “really taken for a ride,”　68　what could she do? Besides the 　69　(electricity) shock, she was verbally abused and threatened with physical violence. She has only one piece of advice for tourists, “Take the bus　70　stay at home.”

四.写作技能(共两节，共35分)

71.短文改错(共10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(﹨)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

In early January this year, the rate of UFO reports were steady, around three per weeks. When, however, on Monday, January 16, a science fiction film about visitors to outer space was shown on television, there was the immediate increase in reports of sightings from all parts of the States. The commanding officer, Wayne Tyler, who directly responsible for the study of all such reports, decided to making his findings known. They wrote an article, which said that all UFO reports could be explained for quite naturally by aircraft movements. Follow this explanation, there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings, because the rate remained above the previous level.

72.书面表达(共25分)

你校将开展为期一周的艺术节，请你根据以下表格的内容，写一篇英语短文：

活动目的 培养学生对艺术的兴趣;

增强学生的艺术鉴赏能力;

让同学们交到更多朋友。

活动对象 全体学生

活动时间 11月20日至11月26日

活动地点 学校图书馆2楼

活动内容 美术老师张老师作一个主题为“关于艺术与生活”的演讲;

欣赏名画和书法作品 (calligraphy works);

摄影作品大赛，获奖者均可获得数码 (digital) 相机一台。

注意：

1.词数100左右;

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。