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一、词汇详解

1.Discuss when they take place,what they celebrate and one thing that people do at that time.

讨论它们是什么时间举行，庆祝的是什么事件，并说出人们在那天所做的一件事。

要点提示：

take place是不及物动词，无被动式，意思为“发生”，常指经过安排的事情。

典型例句：

The interview is well planned and it is to take place on time.

采访计划周密，会按时进行的。

相关链接：

happen发生，碰巧(指偶然性);chance碰巧发生，偶然发生(同happen),正式用语。例如：

I happened to be here when you were in trouble.

当你有困难时我碰巧在那儿。

She chanced to be in the park when I was there.

我在公园时碰巧她在那儿。

应用探究

选择填空

(1)We may never discover what ______ that night when you left for Beijing.

A.happened

B.chance

C.take place

D.took place

解析：从时间状语来看应使用过去时态，took place 虽为过去时，但它的意思是有计划、有安排地进行，题意应指那天夜里突然或偶然发生了什么事，故应使用A项happened。

答案：A

(2)—When does the ceremony ______?All the lovely boys and girls in our  school are waiting for it.

—Sorry,I have no idea,but in my opinion, 8 a.m.

A.happen

B.chance

C.take place

D.took place

解析：文中所提到的ceremony一定是有计划作出了安排的，故应使用C项take place。

答案：C

2.They would starve if food was difficult to find,so they celebrated when they had food.

如果食物难以得到，他们会挨饿，因此，一旦有了食物，他们就开怀欢庆。

要点提示：

starve作动词时除了有“饿死，饥饿，使饥饿”的意思外，还有“渴望做某事”的意思。

典型例句：

What’s for dinner?I’m starving to death!

晚饭吃什么?我饿死了!

She failed again,starving for success.

她又失败了，渴望成功。

相关链接：

starving adj.饥饿的;受饿的

the starving饥民

starvation n.挨饿;饿死

starvation diet极少量的食物

句型转换

(1)A：The proud man said he preferred to suffer from hunger rather than beg for food.

B：The proud man said he ______ ______ ______ ______ beg for food.

(2)A：Those motherless children were longing for affection.

B：Those motherless children ______ ______ ______ affection.

填空

(3)The ______ (starve) people of this area were suffering from the terrible ______ (starve) and many people lost their lives.

答案：

(1)would starve rather than

(2)were starving for/were starved of

(3)starving;starvation

3.Some festivals are held to honor the dead,or satisfy and please the ancestors,....

有些节日是为了纪念死者、或者取悦祖先，使他们得到满足，……

要点提示：

satisfy 为动词，在本句中意思有“满足，使满意”之意。另有“符合”之意。如:satisfy a definition 符合定义。

典型例句：:

My brother felt that nothing he did could satisfy his boss.?我弟弟感到他所做的事情没有一件令老板满意。

相关链接：

其形容词satisfying相当于satisfactory令人满意的，多用来修饰物体;satisfied ?adj.感到满意的，多用来修饰人。

常用短语:be satisfied with对……感到满意或满足;be satisfied to do对做……感到满意或满足。

完成句子

(1)This kind of job ______ ______ ______ ______ (我不满意),so I left the company and went out to find a suitable job.

(2)Every one of the team ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (不满意我们受到的待遇) at that party on Miss Smith’s eighteenth birthday.

(3)The story you told had an attractive beginning and a ______ (令人满意的)end.

答案：

(1)does not satisfy me

(2)wasn’t satisfied with our treatment

(3)satisfying

4.The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead.

万圣节起源于纪念亡者的祭事活动。

要点提示：

in memory of意思为“纪念”，在本单元中还出现另一词组to the memory of，它们意义和用法相同。

典型例句：

We sang the song in memory of the dead.

我们唱歌以纪念故去的人们。

思维拓展:

have a good/bad memory for擅长/不擅长记……

within sb.’s memory 就某人记忆力所及

memorize v.记住(某事物)

完成句子

(1)Grandmother ______ ______ ______ ______ (祖母的记忆力很好);she can remember things which happened many years ago.

(2)This has been the hottest summer ______ ______ ______ (就我所记得的)during my seventy years in the world.

(3)I wrote a long poem ______ ______ ______ (纪念)Robert,who used to be my old friend as well as a good teacher.

答案：

(1)has a good memory

(2)within my memory

(3)in memory of

5.Festivals can be held as an honor to famous people or to the gods.

有些节日是纪念名人或者神的。

要点提示：

honor 在此句中表示“尊敬，敬意”,另外，还可以表示“光荣”。

典型例句：

We show our honor to the police.

我们向警察表示敬意。

Ladies and gentlemen,it is my honor to have been here.

女士们，先生们，亲邻此地，甚感荣幸。

相关链接：

honor也可以作及物动词用，意为“尊敬、纪念”。如：

Today we’ll meet an honored guest.

今天我们将会见一位贵宾。

欣赏句子

(1)There is honor among thieves.

(2)Ladies and gentlemen,it is my honor to have been here to give a speech.

(3)I have cooked a special meal in honor of our visitors of exalted rank.

答案：略

改错

At eleven o’clock  in the morning,we’ll meet an honoring guest in the meeting room.

答案：

honoring→honored

6.In India there is a national festival on October 2 to honor Mahatma Gandhi,the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.

在印度，10月2日是纪念甘地的全国性节日，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。

要点提示：

gain是动词，意为“取得、获得”。后面常跟独立、成绩、成就等词作宾语。

典型例句:

You’ll gain useful experience in working with computer.

在用计算机工作中你会取得有用的经验。

I gain a lot from the activity.我从活动中受益。

相关链接：

gain另有名词用法，意为“利润、利益、收益”等。谚语:No pains,no gains.不劳无获。

The company cares only about short?term gain.

公司只关注短期利益。

改错

(1)This clock wins five minutes a day,so you’d better have it repaired if you have time.

(2)Only after ten years in the country gained she her citizenship.

(3)In the sport meeting,the American black girl gained before the other runners in the race and finished first in the end.

答案：

(1)wins→gains

(2)gained she→did she gain

(3)before→on

格言欣赏

Learning more and gaining more is the light that leads into everything lovely.

7.Some people might win awards for their animals,flowers,fruit and vegetables.

有些人可能因为他们的动物、花果和蔬菜而获奖。

要点提示：

award在此处的意思是“奖品”，作名词用。award用作动词时，意思为“给予、颁发、判决、裁定”，常用作award sth.(to sb.)和 award sb. sth.(for sth.)以及be awarded sth.(for sth.)结构。

典型例句：

Father often shows us the athletics awards he has won.

父亲经常给我们看他所获得的体育运动奖。

The award of a scholarship from our institute was on TV yesterday.

我们学院的奖学金颁发决定昨天在电视上播放了。

相关链接：

三个不同的奖:prize,award,reward

prize也意为“奖品、奖金”，但它主要用于表示“获得几等奖”或“获奖金额”，常说win a prize for... “因……而获……奖”;award (sb.) a prize 指“授予(某人)奖励”，授奖者往往是具有裁判力的人;reward可用作名词或动词，它的意思特指“报答、报偿、酬谢;奖赏”，常指通过努力而获得回报，如：What’s my reward for my work?

填空

用award...for/award...to的适当形式填空。

(1)The school ______ Merry a prize ______ her good work.

(2)He ______ ______ the gold medal ______ being the fastest runner.

(3)The judge ______ a large sum of money ______ those hurt by the fire.

答案：

(1)awarded;for

(2)was awarded;for

(3)awarded;to

阅读

阅读下面的笑话，了解Tom怎么得的奖。

Tom:Dad,my teacher awarded me a book for my answering his question.

Dad:Congratulations! What is the question and your answer?

Tom:OK.How many legs does a hawk have?I said three.

Dad:My silly boy,a hawk has two legs.

Tom:But the others all said four.

8.The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.

最富生机而又重要的节日就是告别冬天、盼望春天的日子。

??要点提示：

短语look forward to中的 to为介词，后面跟 doing或者名词作宾语。

典型例句：

Mother says she’s looking forward to meeting you.

妈妈说她正期盼着与你见面。

相关链接：

要注意本短语的另外意思，即故意将短语分割，形式相同而意义却相差甚远。如:

I look forward to look at the advertisement for selling houses on the wall.

我向前看去看墙上的卖房子的广告。此句中，to为不定式。

英译汉

(1)We look forward to receiving your reply when you study in Japan.

___________________________________________________________________

(2)All the people in the company look forward to other good news from you.

___________________________________________________________________

答案：

(1)当你在日本学习时，我们盼望着你的回信。

(2)公司里所有的人都希望从你那儿得到其他好消息。

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