常用结构：

with one's permission 得到允许

without one's  permission 未经允许

ask sb. for permission 征求某人的许可

give sb. permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事

have one's permission 得到某人的同意

without permission 未经许可, 擅自

written permission 书面许可证

You have my permission to leave. 你可以走了。

完成句子

①They entered the area              (未经允许).

②You will need to obtain planning              (许可证) if you want to extend your house.

答案：

①without permission  ②permission

8. clothing      n. (总称)衣服，服装[U]

Check your belongings and make sure you don't leave your articles of clothing behind. 检查你的行李，不要丢下衣物。

Food, clothing and shelter are everyone's priorities.衣食住行是每一个人优(先考虑的事情。

辨析

clothing/clothes/cloth

clothing是衣服、被褥的总称，为不可数名词;

clothes指包括上衣、裤子、内衣、外衣等在内的具体的衣服，它没有单数形式，只能说many/some/a few clothes; cloth则指做衣服所用的布料，为不可数名词。

选词填空(clothing/clothes/cloth)

①The               industry in this area has been going from strength to strength.

②It’s cold outside. You’d better put on more              .

③How much             does it take to make a blouse for a girl?

答案：①clothing②clothes③cloth

重点短语

9. take place发生;举行

In the meantime, an economic crisis took place in that country.在此期间那个国家发生了经济危机。

The Olympic Games take place every four years.奥林匹克运动会每四年举行一次。

拓展

take one's place=take the place of ...代替……

take the first place 获得第一名

in place of 代替

辨析

take place/happen/break out/occur

take place 通常表示计划、安排之内的“发生”。

happen指事情偶然的发生，常带有未能预见的含义;另外，还有“碰巧”之意。

break out指火灾、战争或瘟疫的突然爆发。

occur指按计划发生，常指(某想法、某事)出现在某人的头脑中。常见结构：It occurs/occurred to sb. that表示“某人想起某事”。

It occurred to me that I had forgotten my keys.我想起了我忘了带钥匙。

完成句子

①It was in the church that their wedding                (举行).

②Will you attend the meeting                 (代替) me?

③                (请就座), please! We?re ready to start.

④It’s hard to find a man to                (代替) the present manager.

⑤Liu Xiang                 (获得第一名) in the 110m hurdle race.

答案：①took place②in place of③Take your place/seat

④take the place of⑤took the first place

10. in memory of

=to the memory of 纪念;追念

Many ceremonies are in memory of famous people.很多典礼是为了纪念名人的。

The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist. 这个雕像是为了纪念那位有名的科学家而建的。

拓展

in honour of 为了纪念……;向……表示敬意

in praise of 歌颂;称赞

in favour of 赞同, 支持

in charge of 负责

in need of 需要;缺少

in search of 寻找

in possession of 拥有

(1)单项填空

This monument was built               the little hero.

A. in place of             B. in search of

C. in memory of       D. in need of

(2)用由“in+n.+of”构成的短语填空(原创)

①A monument was set up               (纪念) the dead soldiers.

②He founded the charity (兴办那项慈善事业)              (怀念) his late wife.

③If you are             (需要) anything, don’t hesitate to let me know.

④In the discussion, I was                 (支持) Mr Li.

解析: (1)选C。

考查短语辨析。句意为：这座纪念碑是为纪念那位小英雄而建的。in place of 代替;in search of搜寻;in memory of为纪念……;in need of需要。

(2)①in memory/honour of②in memory of

③in need of④in favour of

11. dress up   dress作“打扮自己或打扮某人”讲，与介词as/like连用或用于dress up as sb./dress up for sth.结构。

We are supposed to dress up as movie characters for the party, what a novel idea! 我们在晚会上要装扮成电影中的角色，这是一个多么新奇的主意啊!

They dress up for the occasion.为了参加这个活动，他们都穿上了盛装。

She dress up in Elizabethan costume for the fancy?dress ball. 她穿上伊丽莎白一世时代的服装去参加化装舞会。

拓展

be dressed in  穿着……衣服

be dressed as 打扮成

be well dressed 衣着讲究

dress oneself 穿衣，打扮

dress sb. 给某人穿衣服高手过招

单项填空

in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

A. Dressed             B. To dress

C. Dressing            D. Having dressed

解析:选A。be dressed in ...穿着……的衣服，表示一种状态。

12. play a trick/tricks on sb.搞恶作剧;诈骗;开玩笑

The children played a trick on their teacher on April Fool’s Day.孩子们在愚人节那天捉弄了他们的老师。

Remember not to play any tricks on the disabled.记住不要戏弄残疾人。

拓展

play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑

make fun of sb. 取笑某人

laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人

smile at sb. 向某人微笑

make a fool of 愚弄;嘲笑

语法填空

①Tom liked making fun                others in public.

②It’s bad manners to laugh               the disabled.

③These boys like playing tricks             their teacher.

④He smiled               me when he heard my funny answer.

答案：①of②at③on④at

13. look forward to期待某事/做某事(to为介词，后接名词或动名词)

We should look forward to the futurity.我们应该展望未来。

I am familiar with his work and look forward to hearing his views on literary and artistic creation.我熟悉他的作品，并期待他能就文艺创作方面发表自己的见解。

拓展

带有介词“to”的短语可用下面这两句话帮助记忆：

习惯于旧方式的人坚持反对新事物，这样导致许多献身于科学的人被宣判为大逆不道。不喜欢这种事实的人谈到此事时，总期待着增添自己的努力使它开始改变。

习惯于be (get) used to，坚持stick to，反对object to，导致lead to，献身于be devoted to，被宣判为be sentenced to，喜欢prefer...to，谈到come to，期待look forward to，增添add to，开始get down to。

(1)单项填空

She must be looking forward as much to his return as he himself is to       her.

A.See B.have seen  C.seeing D.be seeing

(2)语法填空

①The boy hurried forward             (see) the world?famous oil painting because he had been looking forward to (see) it for a long time.

②The day I had been looking forward to               (come).

③I used to (get) up late, but now I'm used to             (get) up early.

解析: (1)选C。句意为：她盼望他归来，就如同他想见到她一样。as引导的是省略句，完整的句子是：as he himself is to looking forward to seeing her。此处分析句子结构，同时熟知look forward to的用法即可突破。

(2)①to see; seeing②came③get; getting

14. turn up

出席(某活动)(常用于口语);出现;找到;把(收音机等的)音量调大一些(其反义短语是turn down);到场

I’m sure your watch will turn up one of these days.我担保你的手表准有一天能找到。

We invited her to dinner but she didn?t even bother to turn up.我们请她吃饭她都不露面。

I can?t hear the radio very well; could you turn it up a bit?我听不太清楚收音机,你把声音调大点行吗?

拓展

turn against 反对;背叛

turn down  (音量等)调小;拒绝

turn off 关掉

turn on 打开;发动

turn out  结果是……;证明是……

turn to sb. for help 向某人求助

turn away 走开;转过脸去;把……打发走

turn in 进入;交出;上交

turn over 打翻;移交;反复考虑

turn into把……变成……

(1)单项填空

He promised to come yesterday，but he hasn’t               yet.

A. turned in                                 B. turned up

C. turned on                                D. turned out

(2)用适当的介词或副词填空

①It’s half past ten, but he hasn’t turned       yet.

②It’s wrong to turn          our motherland.

③Please turn            the radio a bit; I’m doing my homework.

(3)用turn相关短语的适当形式填空(原创)

①Don’t worry. The file is sure to            .

②Please              the television               a bit, I can’t hear it clearly.

③It             that it was Tim who broke the vase.

④The sad child             his mother for comfort.

解析: (1)选B。

考查短语辨析。turn in  进入;交出;上交;turn on打开;turn out 结果是……。均不符合句意。turn up 出现。

(2)①up②against③down

(3)①turn up②turn; up③turned out

④turned to

15. keep one's word  守信用;履行诺言; word意为“诺言”时，是不可数名词，不可以用复数形式，其前面不可以用冠词修饰。

You should keep your word once you make it.你一旦许诺就要遵守诺言。

You promised you would take the children to camp so you must keep your word.你答应过要带孩子们去野营，所以你  必须信守诺言。

拓展

break one's word 食言

get in a word 插嘴

in a/one word=in short总而言之

in other words 换句话说

word for word 逐词

have a word with sb.与某人谈话

have words with sb. 与某人争吵

word came that ...有消息传来…

单项填空

She said she wouldn’t do it, and she did keep her              .

A. Words         B. word

C. customs       D. apology

解析:选B。句意为：她说她不会做那件事的，她确实履行了她的诺言。keep one?s word 意为“履行诺言”。word意为“诺言”时，为不可数名词。

16. set off

出发;动身;使爆炸; 衬托, 使更鲜明, 使显得美观;分开, 隔开, 划出;平衡; 弥补, 以...抵消...(against); 使(某人)开始做, 使发火; 触发, 引起

Do be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off. 这些烟火要格外小心，稍有火星就能引起爆

What time are you planning to set off tomorrow?你打算明天几点钟启程?

The terrorist set off a bomb in the city centre and killed six people.恐怖分子在市中心引爆了炸弹，杀害了6个人。

If you can set him off talking on his pet dog, he'll go on all night. 如果你能让他开始谈论他的宠物狗,他就会整个晚上谈下去。

set off的其他常见用法：

set off 意思是"使……爆炸"，及物性短浯动词：e.g.

They set off the fireworks as soon as it got dark.天一黑他们就放焰火(烟花)。

(2)set off 还可指"出发，动身"，不及物性短语动词。e.g.

They set off in search of the lost child.他们出发去寻找那个丢失的孩子。

(3)set off 还可意为"引起，触发"，及物性短语动词。e.g.

①That strike set off a series of strikes throughout the country.那次罢工引发了全国一系列的罢工。

②A letter from home set off an attack of homesickness.一封家书触发了他的思乡病的发作。

(4)set off 还可指"使某人突然产生某种活动"，其后往往接v.-ing，即set sb.off doing sth.e.g.

Whatever you say will set her off crying.不管你说什么都会使她哭泣。