4. 倒装句的基本用法

a) 构成疑问句(除对主语或主语之定语提问的特殊疑问句外)：

When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒?

Have you seen the film? 你看了那部电影吗?

b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中:

Away went the crowd one by one. 人们一个一个地离去。

Here comes our teacher! 我们的老师来了!

c) 副词only+状语放在句首时:

Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那时他才认识到自己的错误。

Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用这种方法你才能学好数学。

d) 含有否定意义的副词或连词(如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner…than等)放在句首时:

Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。

Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。

Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests.

火车刚一进站，我们就跑到卧车那儿去找我们的客人。

e) 副词so或 neither(nor)在句首:

He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他对流行歌曲感兴趣，我也如此。

He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。

f) 在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首:

Thus ended his life. 这样结束了他的生命。

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。

2. so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，例如：

He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看电影了，我也去了。

如不作“也”讲而只起连词作用，表示一种结果的意思，句子就要用正常语序。例如：

His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母亲叫他去看电影，他就去了。

“He is a tall thin man.” “So he is.” “他又高又瘦。” “确实如此。”

3. 某些让步状语从句往往把表语提到主语前面或放在句首，以构成倒装结构。例如：

No matter how interesting the book is，he doesn't like to read it.不管这本书多有趣，他都不想看。

However hard a solid may be，we can change its shape. 不管一个固体有多硬，我们都可以改变其形状。

Young as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他年轻，却知道很多东西。

4. 在虚拟语气中，如果非真实条件句省略if，须将主句中的were, had和should等助动词和主语颠倒形成部分倒装。例如：

Were he younger (= If he were younger), he would learn skating. 假如他年轻一些，他就会去学溜冰。

Should they forget (= If they should forget) to bring a map with them, they would get lost in the woods

如果他们忘记带一张地图的话，他们就会在深林里迷路。

Had they realized (= If they had realized) how important the task was, they wouldn’t have refused to

accept it. 假如他们认识到这个任务是多么重要的话，他们就不致于拒绝接受这项任务。