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主谓一致

英语句子要求句子的谓语与主语在人称和数上要一致。

主谓一致遵守三条原则：语法一致，意义一致，就近一致。

1. 语法一致

语法一致是指主语和谓语在形势上的一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式;主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。语法一致是主谓一致的主要原则。

注意以下几点。

1)可数名词单数、不可数名词、不定代词、动词不定式、动词 v-ing 形式、从句等作主语时，谓语通常用单数。主语为复数或表语为复数时，谓语用复数形式。

e.g. Much milk is offered to him. (不可数名词作主语)

Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.(V-ing形式作主语)

To nod one’s head means agreement. (动词不定式作主语)

What they said is true. (从句作主语)

Something is wrong with my bike.(不定代词作主语)

What they need are books. (表语为复数)

2)and 连接主语时，注意以下几点：

and 或both … and 连接的并列主语， 谓语动词用复数。但是并列主语如果指的是同一件事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。

e.g. Both Jim and I are honest.

Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this school.

The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk.

His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.

When and where to build the new factory is not decided.

凡由and 连接两个带the (a或物主代词)的单数可数名词时，谓语用复数;如果只有前一个名词带the (a 或物主代词)， 则谓语用单数。

e.g. The professor and the writer have published a few new books on radio.

这位教授和这位作者已经出版了几本有关无线电的书。

The poet and writer is gone. 那个诗人兼作家走了。

A round and a square table were exhibited in the shop window.

橱窗里展览了一张圆桌和一张方桌。

3)主语 + 介词(短语)

e.g. Nothing but stamps and envelops is for sale.

The teacher with a number of students plants trees every year.

4)下列情况谓语动词用单数

e.g. Every boy and every girl knows that each day and each hour brings its duty.

The number of the books in this library is 20,000.

e.g. The rich are not always happy. 富人并不总是快乐的。

The beautiful is higher than the good. 美的事物高于好的事物。

2. 意义一致

1)有生命的集体名词作主语时, 如果主语作为一个整体,谓语用单数; 如果主语看作其中的成员(个体)时, 谓语动词用单数形式。

常用的集体名词: family, group, class, team, audience, government, club,

e.g.. Our group are all going to visit the chimps in the forest.

Our group includes six boys and five girls.

Class 3 are unable to agree on the plan.

His family has just moved to Beijing.

Almost every family in the village has a man in the army.

村里几乎每一个家庭都有一个男人在军队里。

练习：我们全家人正在看电视。

2)无生命的集合名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。

e.g. The furniture he bought was made in France.

3)单复数同形的名词作主语时, 谓语的形式要与前面的名词在意义上保持一致。

这类名词有: deer, sheep, fish, means, works (工厂), plastics 等。

e.g. A sheep was grazing in the meadow. 一只羊在草地上吃草。

Some sheep were grazing in the meadow. 几只羊在草地上吃草。

Every means has been tried to improve teaching and learning.

各种方法被尝试以便提高教学。

All possible means have been taken to save the boy.

所有可能的办法都被采纳以挽救男孩的生命。

3. 就近一致

or, either … or , neither … nor,  not … but …, not only … but also, whether … or … 等连词, 连接并列主语时, 谓语与它最靠近的主语一致。

e.g. There is a desk and three chairs in the room.

对比 There are three chairs and a desk in the room.

I don’t think either of them have arrived.

我认为他们两个都还没到。

Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been replaced.

不但更换了开关还更换了旧电线。

Either fans or an air-conditioner is needed for this laboratory.

实验室不装电扇就装空调。

高二英语下册语法知识点就为大家介绍到这里，希望对你有所帮助。

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