6.做状语：

不定式和分词做状语各有不同分工。动词不定式多做目的、结果和原因状语，且多放在句末;分词可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式状语，多置于句首，做伴随状语，多放在后面。单独的动名词不能做状语，在介词后形成介词短语，从而做状语。

(1).目的状语：通常有不定式表示，由于不定式的客观性和将来性特征。不定式前还可加上in order，so as来加强说话的口气。但so as to通常不用于句首。

The Smiths have gone to London to spend their holidays.

I came here (in order/so as) to hear the report.

In order to(不用so as to) see better, we took front seats.

(2).时间状语：分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句。现在分词作时间状语一般位于句首，表示的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，有时现在分词前可以加上时间连词。如果分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成体形式。过去分词作时间状语与谓语动词构成同时性和被动意义。分词前有时加上时间连词。

Arriving (=When he arrived) at the bus stop, he found his sister there.

Waiting (=When I was waiting) to see the doctor, I met with a friend of mine.

Having (=When we have) made full preparations, we are ready for an examination.

Having (=When he had) finished his homework, he went to bed.

After finishing his homework, he went to bed.

Seen (=When the town is seen) from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.

Locked (=When he was looked) up in the room, he found himself isolated from the outer world.

When asked to make a speech, he said he was glad to do so.

Once recovered, he went all out to do his work.

(3).原因状语：不定式作原因状语往往用于形容词之后,这些形容词通常是happy, sorry, fortunate, angry, glad, ashamed, discouraged, delighted, frightened, shocked等。分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句。一般位于句首。

I am sorry to hear that you are not well.

I'm very sorry to have kept you waiting so long.

We are greatly delighted to have a native as our guide.

Being (=Since he was) ill all last year, he lived in a sanatorium.

There being no enough money, he couldn't buy the dictionary that he wanted.

Having (=Since they had) been asked to stay, they couldn't possibly leave right away.

Moved (=As he was moved) by the heroic deeds of the PLA man, he burst into tears.

(4).条件状语：通常用分词来表示，相当于条件状语从句。一般位于句首。

Turning (=If you turn) to the left，you will see the post office.

United (=If we are united), we stand; divided (=if we are divided), we fall.

Given (=If he had been given) more time, he would be able to do better.

(5).结果状语从句：不定式作结果状语通常用于so+形容词或副词+as to，such+名词+as to，too…to，enough to和only to等结构。

现在分词作结果状语表示谓语动词的结果。

He arrived late to find the train gone.

I worked late into the night, only to find I had not finished half of the job.

He was so friendly as to be always helpful to his neighbours.

His is such a sad story as to arouse out sympathy。

I ran faster than ever, reaching the schoolyard quite out of breath.

The man died young, leaving nothing but debt.

(6).让步状语：通常有过去分词来表示，而且前面通常有表示让步意义的though。

Though wounded, the soldier managed to get to the village safely.

Though warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.

(7).伴随或方式状语：分词作伴随状语通常位于句尾，表示谓语动词正在所处主动或被动的状态。

Chinese businessmen, taxi drivers and students talk with them using English.

She came running towards us.

They walked along the streets, talking and laughing.

He went into the house, followed by some children.

He continued to walk up and down, lost in thought.