现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持续到现在的动作。

例如：

I have cleaned the classroom.

我打扫干净教室了。(强调扫地所产生的结果：地干净了!)

They have lived here for twenty years.

他们住在这二十年了。(“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时)

We have lived in Beijing since we came China.

自我们来中国就住在北京了。(“住”是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时)

过去完成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”，即比过去发生的某动作都还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。运用过去完成时的句子往往有两过去的时间或动作。

例如：

Mr Smith had lived in London for ten years before he came to China.

史密斯先生在来中国之前就已经在伦敦住过十年了。(“来”中国已成过去，而先前“住”在纽约就是过去的过去!)

We had learned 2000 words by the end of last term.

在上期期末，我们就已经学了2000个单词。

(“上期期末”已过去，而在其前“学”的就更过去了!)

过去完成时专项练习

一、单项填空

1. When Li Ming hurried home, he found that his mother ____already ____to hospital.

A. has; been sent      B. had; sent      C. has; sent      D. had; been sent

2. The students _______ several new English songs by the end of last term.

A. had learned        B. learned       C. have learned    D. will have learned

3. Lu Mei told me she _____breakfast, so she was very hungry after having two classes.

A. has had           B. hasn't have     C. have had      D. hadn't had

4. Hardly ______ to the bus stop when the bus left, which drove them crazy.

A did they get         B they got       C had they got      D has they got

5. She _____her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____home.

A has left; comes     B had left; would come     C had left; came     D left; had come

6. Mr. Black said that it was at least ten years since he _____a good drink.

A had enjoyed       B was enjoying      C have enjoyed    D have been enjoying

7. I ______ to catch the first train but I got up too late this morning.

A. hoping           B. had hoped       C. has hoped     D. would hope

8. Dr. Brown was very disappointed that one third of the guests _____ when he _____ at the party.

A. left; had arrived    B. left; arrived      C. had left; had arrived   D. had left; arrived

9. Tom first met me 10 years ago. I______ in a radio factory at that time.

A. had worked      B. have worked     C. was working      D. has been working

10. ---- What ______ when I phoned you?

---- I ______ my work, and wanted to go out for a walk.

A. have you done; finished             B. were you doing; have finished

C. did you do; had just finished         D. were you doing; had just finished

11. It is very clear that you were in a hurry. You ______ your sweater inside out.

A. had worn       B. wore       C. were wearing       D. are wearing

12. ---- We ______ that you would fix the TV set this week.

---- I’m sorry. I ______ to fix it this week, but I’ve been too busy.

A. had expected; had intended      B. are expecting; had intended

C. expect; intend                 D. expected; intend

13. ---Alice came back home the day before yesterday.

---Really? Where ______?

A. has she been       B. had she been     C. has she gone         D. had she gone

14. Mr. Green and I are familiar with each other; we ______ to each other at an international conference.

A. are introduced                    B. are being introduced

C. were introduced                   D. had been introduced

15. --- Did he notice you enter the room?

--- I don’t think so. He ______ to the radio with his eyes shut.

A. listened            B. was listening   　C. has listened       D. had listened

16. Tom and Jack met again in the street that day. Until then, they _____ each other for nearly two years.

A. didn’t see      B. hadn’t seen    C. haven’t seen      D. haven’t been seen

17. ---Jane, do you still remember the first time we met?

---Of course I do. You ______ in the library.

A. were reading          B. had read        C. have read        D. read

18. A lot of my friends want to buy that kind of cloth because they _____ the cloth ______ well.

A. have told; washes                     B. have been told; washes

C. was told; washed                      D. have been told; is washed

19. The young professor talked for about nearly two hours yesterday. Never ______ him talk so much.

A.I heard           B. did I hear         C.I had heard             D. had I heard

20. Ms Wang ______ to the office than she got down to writing the report.

A. has no sooner got    B. had hardly got   C. no sooner got    D. had no sooner got

21. My dictionary ______. I have looked for it everywhere but still ______it.

A. has lost; don’t find         　B. is missing; don’t find

C. has lost; haven’t found        D. is missing; haven’t found

22. --- Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favour?

--- Of course. What is it?

--- I ______ if you could take me to the station.

A. would wonder    B. did wonder      C. was wondering       D. had wondered

23. ---Hi, Liu Tao. I dropped in at your house at about ten last night, but you weren’t in.