Ⅱ.阅读理解

(2011•湖南部分重点中学联考)

Ifyouwanttohelpchildrendeveloplanguageandspeechskills，UCLAresearcherssay，listeningtowhattheyhavetosayisjustasimportantastalkingtothem.

Theeffectofaconversationbetweenachildandanadultisaboutsixtimesasgreatastheeffectofadultspeechinputalone，theresearchersfound.“Adultsspeakingtochildrenhelpslanguagedevelop，butwhatmattersmuchmoreistheinteraction，”saidthestudy’sleadauthor，FrederickZimmerman，anassociateprofessorintheSchoolofPublicHealthattheUniversityofCalifornia，LosAngeles.TheresearchersalsofoundthatTVviewingdidn’thavemuchofaneffect—positivelyornegatively—aslongasitwasn’tdisplacingconversationsbetweenanadultandachild.

TheUCLAstudyincluded275familieswithchildrenbetween2monthsand48monthsold.Theyrepresentedavarietyofincomesandeducation.Theresearchersfoundthat，inanaverageday，childrenhearabout13,000spokenwordsfromadultsandparticipatedinabout400adult­childconversationsaday.

Assessedseparately，factorspositivelyassociatedwithlanguagedevelopmentincludedeachadditional100conversationsadayandeach1,000wordincreaseinthenumberofwordsspokenbyadultsandheardbychildren.Whenlookedatalone，TVwasnegativelyassociatedwithlanguagedevelopment.But，whenthethreefactorswereanalyzedtogether，theonlyonethatstoodoutwasconversationbetweenadultsandchildren.

“Themoreachildspeaksandinteractswithanadult，thebetterideaaparenthasaboutwherethechildis，”Zimmermansaid.“Althoughit’smostlydoneunconsciously，parentswillprovidefeedbackandcorrectmistakes.They’llalsotailortheirspeechtothechild.Parentscangiveachildwordsbytalkingtothemaboutwhatthey’redoing，suchas，‘I’mputtingonyourpajamasnow’.Butgiveyourchildtheopportunitytotalk，hopefullywithouttherestofthenoiseintheenvironment，”sheadded.“Ifparentscancarveoutsomeconversationtime—maybeatbathtimeoratdinnertime—that’sawonderfulthing.”

1.TheresearchersalsofoundthatTVviewing________.

A.couldhaveapositiveeffectonachild’slanguagedevelopment

B.hadalittleeffectonachild’slanguagedevelopment

C.affectedachild’slanguagedevelopmentmorenegativelythanpositively

D.affectedachild’slanguagedevelopmentbothnegativelyandpositively

2.FrederickZimmermanwouldprobablyagreethat________.

A.parentsshouldlettheirchildrentalkmostofthetime

B.childrenshouldwatchTVprogramsselectively

C.theconversationbetweenparentsandchildrenshouldbetwo­way

D.it’snogoodforparentstocorrecttheirchildren’smistakeswhentheyarespeaking

3.Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat________.

A.parentsshouldletachildrepeatwhatheorshesays

B.bathtimeordinnertimeisthebestchanceforparentstotalktoachild

C.parent­childconversationcanbecarriedoutatanypropertime

D.parentsshouldleaveachildtalkingalone

4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Talkwithkids，notatthem

B.Letyourchildrenvoicetheirownopinions

C.Howtodevelopachild’slanguageability

D.Theimportanceofearlychildlanguagedevelopment

5.Theunderlinedword“tailor”inthelastparagraphcanbebestreplacedby________.

A.control B.improve

C.pass D.adjust