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一、动词的用法

(一)实义动词的用法实义动词词义完整，能独立作谓语，可分成及物动词和不及物动词。

1.及物动词后面必须跟宾语Mr. Smith gave——for her birthday.

史密斯先生给了他妻子20英镑过生日。

We have friends all over the world我们的朋友遍天下。

Children and young people like_________________孩子和年轻人喜欢亮丽的颜色。

2.不及物动词后面不跟宾语Most shops in Britain open at 9:00 a.mand close at5:00 0r 5:30 in the evening.

英国大部分商店上午九点开门，晚上五点或五点半关门。

George's father——.乔治的爸爸住在那里。

The examination ended at 11:30a.m.

考试于上午十一点半结束。

3.特殊实义动词很多英语动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。如：

close, begin, study, leave, work等。-The post office closes at 9：00 n m.邮局晚上九点关门。

___ _，please.请关窗。

He_ ___ .他在一家超市工作。

She— on h40ndays.

她每星期一操作这台机器。

(二)三种连系动词的差异

连系动词不能单独充当句子成分，必须和它后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语部分。根据其意义，连系动词的用法不尽相同，但按类型可以分。为以下三类：

1.以be为代表的，用来表示主语“特征”和“状态”的动词，有seem,look,appear,prove,sound,taste,smell,feel等。后面跟形容词、分词、介词短语，有的还可以跟名词、不定式或从句作表语。例如：

The food smells inviting.(现在分词)Don't be excited.(过去分词)He appeared to be frienclly to us.(不定式)You look pale What's、Nrong?(形容词)Your solution proved(tc, be) effective.(不定式to be可省略)His voice sounds like tlnat of a wolf.(介词短语)The book is of much value.(介词短语)The meat tastes as if it has gone bad.(表语从句)I' seems that' am to blame for all this.(表语从句2.以become为代表的，用来描述主语变化的动词，ge‘，com。，fall，go，grow，make，run，turn等。后面要跟形容词或分词作表语。become和turn的后面还可j跟名词作表语。例如：

After graduation, he became a doctor in a middle-si;hospital.(名词)Your dream will come true one day.(形容词)Food goes bad easily in.summer.(形容词)Truth never grows old.，(形容词)rhey bave got accustomed tothe life here(过去分词)比较：He became a wr;iter later.(有冠词)He tumed writerr later.(无冠词)注意：当become的后面』跟可数名词单数形式作表语时，名词的前面要加不定冠词，tum后面的单数可数名词前不能加不定冠词。

3-以keep为代表的，用来表示主语保持某种特征和状态的动词，有r emain，stay，continue。

keep后面主要跟形容词、副词和介词短语。例如：

You must keep calm in an emergency.

Keep away from the fire, childrenWe will keep in touch with you.

.remaln后面主要跟名词、形容词、副词、分词、介词短语和不定式to be。例如：

We must always remain modest in spite of what wehave achieved.

stay和contlnue后主要跟形容词作表语。

The weather continued damp and wet.

(三)助动词

助动词指的是那些用来构成疑问、否定以及多种时态、语态的结构词。如：be( am，1S，are，was，were，etc)，have( has, had), do( does, did), will( would), shall( should)，这些助动词不能单独作谓语，必须和主要动词一起构成谓语部分。

1.be用来构成进行时态、将来时态和被动语态。例如：

English is widely spoken all over the world;(一般现在时的被动语态)The problem (正在被讨论)this morning.

(过去进行时的被动语态)We are to hold the opening ceremony next week(将来时，表示安排好的将来)2 have用来构成完成时态。例如：

They had lived there for ten years when I came.(过去完成时)You have to write the composition again, for thercare SO many mistakes in it3.do用来构成疑问句、陈述句，可以用在否定句、祈使句中加强语气，可以用来替代前面出现的动词，以避免重复。例如：

What did you think of the concert7(一般过去时的疑问句)They didn't accept my offer of help.(一般过去时的否定句) ’

The car did run very slowly, but it was faster than abike.(陈述句加强语气)Do come early next time.(祈使句加强语气)You don't adore football, but l do.(替代adore)He spent more time on English than he did on math.

(替代spent time)

4.will和shall用来构成将来时，可以用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。shall只能用于第一人称，will可以用于各种人称。它们的过去式为should和would，用来构成过去将来时。例如：

We shall look into the case Be patient.(一般将来时)He will finish his job ahead of time.(一般将来时)He asked me if I would attend his wedding party.(过去将来时)

二、动词短语

动词短语的几种常见结构如下表：

动词十介词 look for, join in, attend to, make for

动词十副词 put away, pick up, see off, turn over

动词十副词十介词 break away from, look down upon

动词十名词十介词 get rid of, make use of, take notice of

动词十形容词十介词 be involved in, be proud of, be tired of

参考答案

一、动词的用法

1. his wife twenty pounds; bright colors2. lives there3. Close the window; works in a supermarket; worksthe machine

(三)1. was being discussed

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