It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily, by restraining how much they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise, the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered, clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.

The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves, so keeping their competitors small.

While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, Dr. Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical (等级的) societies remain stable.

The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans. “As yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature,” the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggests that, while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve long-term health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females’ own ideal.”

44.  When a goby grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it        .

A. faces danger  B. has breeding rights

C. eats its competitor  D. leaves the group itself

45.  The underlined words “the evicted fish” in Paragraph 3 refer to        .

A. the fish beaten up   B. the fish found out

C. the fish fattened up  D. the fish driven away

46.  The experiment showed that the smaller fish        .

A. fought over a feast   B. went on diet willingly

C. preferred some extra food D. challenged the boss fish

47.  What is the text mainly about?

A. Fish dieting and human dieting.

B. Dieting and health.

C. Human dieting.

D. Fish dieting.

D

Andrew Ritchie, inventor of the Brompton folding bicycle, once said that the perfect portable bike would be “like a magic carpet…You could fold it up and put it into your pocket or handbag”. Then he paused: “But you’ll always be limited by the size of the wheels. And so far no one has invented a folding wheel.”

It was a rare — indeed unique — occasion when I was able to put Ritchie right. A 19th-century inventor, William Henry James Grout, did in fact design a folding wheel. His bike, predictably named the Grout Portable, had a frame that split into two and a larger wheel that could be separated into four pieces. All the bits fitted into Grout’s Wonderful Bag, a leather case.

Grout’s aim: to solve the problems of carrying a bike on a train. Now doesn’t that sound familiar? Grout intended to find a way of making a bike small enough for train travel: his bike was a huge beast. And importantly, the design of early bicycles gave him an advantage: in Grout’s day, tyres were solid, which made the business of splitting a wheel into four separate parts relatively simple. You couldn’t do the same with a wheel fitted with a one-piece inflated (充气的) tyre.

So, in a 21st-century context, is the idea of the folding wheel dead? It is not. A British design engineer, Duncan Fitzsimons, has developed a wheel that can be squashed into something like a slender ellipse (椭圆). Throughout, the tyre remains inflated.

Will the young Fitzsimons’s folding wheel make it into production? I haven’t the foggiest idea. But his inventiveness shows two things. First, people have been saying for more than a century that bike design has reached its limit, except for gradual advances. It’s as silly a concept now as it was 100 years ago: there’s plenty still to go for. Second, it is in the field of folding bikes that we are seeing the most interesting inventions. You can buy a folding bike for less than £1,000 that can be knocked down so small that it can be carried on a plane — minus wheels, of course — as hand baggage.

Folding wheels would make all manner of things possible. Have we yet got the magic carpet of Andrew Ritchie’s imagination? No. But it’s progress.

48. We can infer from Paragraph 1 that the Brompton folding bike        .

A. was portable

B. had a folding wheel

C. could be put in a pocket

D. looked like a magic carpet

49. We can learn from the text that the wheels of the Grout Portable        .

A. were difficult to separate

B. could be split into 6 pieces

C. were fitted with solid tyres

D. were hard to carry on a train

50.  Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Three folding bike inventors

B. The making of a folding bike

C. Progress in folding bike design

D. Ways of separating a bike wheel

四、任务型阅读 (共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)

认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的词。

注意：每个空格1个单词。

Communication Principles

How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate. “Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he(or she)is the center”. Many communication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send them. But every day we experience the centrality of our selves in communication. A student. for instance，may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment：“I know my teacher doesn’t like the fact that I don’t agree with his opinions. and that’s why he gave me such a poor grade in that class. ”The teacher might say the opposite. Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person’s view is wrong.

The concept of serf originates in communication. Through verbal and nonverbal symbols, a child learns to accept roles in response to the expectations of others. You establish self-image。The sort of person you believe you are，by how others think of you. Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are. Communication itself is probably best understood as a dialogue process. Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people. In a more obvious way. communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share. So，the communication begins with the self，as defined largely by others，and involves others，as defined largely by the self.

Communication Occurs almost every minute of your life. If you are not communicating  with yourself(thinking，planning，reacting to the world around you)，you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behavior. Even if the other person did not intend a message for you. you gather observations and draw specific conclusions. A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message. A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you. A third person smiles(perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently) and you believe that he is attracted to you. We are continually picking up meanings from others’ behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them.

More often than not，you may have hurt someone accidentally and you may have tried to explain that you did not mean that. You may have told the other person that you were sorry for your statement. You may have made a joke out of your rude statement. Nonetheless，your comment remains both in the mind of the other person and in your own mind. You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others. Communication cannot be reversed(倒退)，nor can it be repeated. When you tried to re—create the atmosphere，the conversation，and the setting，nothing seemed right. Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far different results.

Paragraph outline Supporting Details

Communication begins with the self ●People are somewhat products of others’ treatment and messages.

●we are always (51)       in communication with others.

Communication

(52)      others ●Experiences of others help children learn to accept roles.

●Messages from others help you (53)       who you are.

●Needs and(54)        of others should be considered.

Communication

(55)

everywhere ●We are communicating with ourselves by thinking，planning and reacting to the outside world.

●We are always(56)        other people by observing even if they do not intend any message for you.

●We are constantly collecting meanings from others’(57)       .

●We are constantly (58)        meanings by what we do.

Communication

cannot be reversed nor repeated ●You may explain what you have done，but you cannot (59)       what remains in the other person’s mind.

●Yon may redo the conversation，but you(60)      achieve the same results.

五、书面表达 (满分25分)

鼠标是计算机时代最佳的人机交互工具之一。它极大地方便了人们的计算机操作。但是，过分依赖鼠标的习惯也会带来一些不利影响。请你以鼠标为切入点，根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇短文。

鼠标的必要性 对多数人来说，操作计算机，上网冲浪……

鼠标的便捷性

点击、移动、插入、拷贝、删除…… 编辑文本，搜索信息……

收发邮件，选购商品……

点播音乐，下载电影……

如果过分依赖鼠标……  (请考生结合自身感受，列举两到三点)

注意：

1. 对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。

2. 词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计人总词数。

3. 作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。

The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer.

Key:

1-15    CADCA    DBCDA     CDBAB

16-35    BCBDB    ADACB     CDCAC    CCABD

36-50    DADBA    CCBAD     BDACC

51. self-centred/subjective               56. reading/understanding/knowing

52. involves                            57. behaviors/acts/action(s)/activities

53. determine/define/know/understand  58. conveying/expressing

54. expectations/hopes/desires/wishes   59. erase/remove/delete/change

55. occurs/happens/exists/arises        60. can’t/cannot

One possible version:

The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer.

For most people, it’s almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet. A well-chosen mouse is really handy, flexible and convenient in controlling the screen. With the functions of inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit test, browse web page and download what we want. It can even bring us a flood of music, movies and PC games. Just imagine, all this can be done with a cute mouse.

A convenient tool can certainly make our work easier, but it doesn’t always help in a positive way. Too much ready information on our fingertips leaves little room for knowledge pursuing. Too many ready answers make us less excited in finding truth. Relying too much on mouse clicking makes us lazier and less creative both mentally and physically.

高一下册英语单元测试题就为大家介绍到这里，希望对你有所帮助。

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