d. a11 the time一直，始终，老是

(1)She kept crying all the time 她一有哭着。

(2)I cough all the time.我老是咳嗽。

e. ripe adj.(果实、谷物等)熟的，成熟的;(人等)老练的

(1)ripe oranges/grain地成熟的柑橘，谷物

(2)The apples are ripe enough to be picked.苹果已经热得可以采收了。

(3) a ripe judgment 纯熟的判断

(4) He is ripe in experience. 他经验丰富。

[拓展] ripe的反义同为green(指果实，谷物等不成熟或无经验)，例如：

(1)These tomatoes are still too green to pick. 这些番茄还未成熟.不能采摘.

(2)I'm not so green as to believe that. 我不至于那么不成热，而去相信那件事.

f.keep up with不落在……后面，跟上

(1)He walked so fast that she couldn't keep up with him.

他走得很快，使得她无法跟上。

(2)keep up with the changes in fashion. 跟上时尚的变化，跟上潮流。

g. be good / bad for 对。。。。。。有好处/坏处

(1)The cream is good for insect bites. 这药膏对于昆虫蜇伤有效。

(2)Watching much is bad for our eyes. 电视看得太多对我们的眼睛有害.

h. base on/upon 以。。。。。。为基础(根据)

(l)You should base your conclusion upon careful research.

你应该以审慎的研究为基础而下结论。

(2)This story is based on facts. 这故事是有事实根据的。

i. choose vt. 挑选，选择，决定

[搭配] choose + sth

+ between / from + sth.

+ sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb.

+ to do sth.

+ that 从句 / wh-从句

(1)He chose a reference book from the library. 他从图书馆中选了一本参考书.

(2)There are too ninny cakes to choose from. 蛋糕太多了，不知要选哪个好。

(3) I want to choose her a nice present. 我想要挑选一件精美的礼物送给她。

=I want to choose a nice present for her.

(4)She chose to stay at home because she had a cold.

因为她感冒了，所以她决定留在家里。

(5)He choose that his son (should) change his school. 他决定让他的儿子转学。

(6)You may chime what you like. 你可以选择你喜欢的东西。

(7)Have you chosen where to go for your holiday yet?你想好了要去哪儿度假吗?

j. short adj. 缺乏的，短缺的，不足的

(1)short weight/measure 重量/材积不足

(2)I'm short of money this week. 我这星期缺钱。

(3)I need filly dollars, but Pm ten dollars short. 我需要五十美元，但还差十美元。

k. refuel vt. vi. 给(飞机、汽车等)补给燃料;给(人等)增加营养、能量

(l)Please refuel the car. 请给小车加油。

(2)We need Io refuel every day. 我们得每天都增加(些)能量。

l. best of all adv. 尤其;特别;最

(1)My father loves golf best of all. 我的父亲特别喜爱打高尔夫球。

(2)Best of all，they taste great! 最重要的是，它们味道特好。

m. had better (not), should (not), ought(not) to 的用法

had better(not)

表示“最好(别)……”，用于向别人提出建议或表明自己的主张、看法;其

后接不带 to的不定式，否定形式为had better not

(1)We had better go now. 我们最好现在就走.

(2)You'd better get some rest. 你最好休息一下。

(3)You'd better not eat fruit that isn't ripe. 你最好别吃没有熟的水果。

Should (not)

意为“应该”多指主观上有责任，有义务干某事，语气比 must稍弱，也比

ought to弱。其否定形式为should not(shouldn't)。

(1)We should speak more English. 我们应该多讲些英语。

(2)Everyone should know some first aid. 每个人都应掌握一些急救的知识。

Ought(not) to

意为“应该”，常指义务，责任做某事，语气比should强烈，其否定形式为

ought not to(oughtn’t to)十动词原形.

(1)You ought not to write carelessly. 你不应当写得这样潦草。

(2)Oughtn’t we to give him a chance to try? 我们难道不应该给他一个尝试的机会吗?

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