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语法----被动语态

(一)概念：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

(二)各种时态被动语态的形式

1.一般现在时的被动语态 am/is/are + done

2.一般过去时的被动语态 was/were + done

3.一般将来时的被动语态⑴will/shall be done⑵be going to be done⑶be to be done

4.现在进行时的被动语态 is/am/are + being +done

表示说话人说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，经常和时间副词now (现在), right now (现在,此刻), at present (现在,目前), at this moment (此刻)连用。

5.现在完成时的被动 have/has been done

现在完成时常与already,always, often, ever, never, yet, not...yet, just等不表示明确的时间副词连用,还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带(ever )since, for的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如: now, today, thismonth, this year, recently, these days，many times, so far, by now, in the past/last few days/years…等。

6.过去完成时的被动 had been done

7.过去将来时的被动 would be done

8.过去进行时的被动 was/were being done

9.带情态动词的被动语态情态动词 + be done

10.动词不定式的被动式 to be done e.g. It is an honor for me to be asked tospeak here.

(三)注意事项：

1.并不是所有动词都有被动语态

happen,take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。

2.短语动词、固定搭配变被动语态介词副词不省。

E.g. Time should be madefull use of.

3.双宾语：一个宾语成主语，另一主语保留不变。

E.g. Mother will buy me an iphone5.

→ I will be bought an iphone5 (by mymother) .

→ An iphone5 will be bought for me(by my mother) .

4.复合宾语(含宾补)省to动词不定式变被动还原to

使役：make sb. do sth.→Sb. be made to do sth.

感官类：see/hear sb. do sth.→Sb. be seen/heard to do sth.

e.g.Mum made me clean the floor.

→I was made to clean the floor.

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