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这是重点句型 ：1.“So + be/have/助动词/情态动词+主词”的结构。此结构中的语序是倒装的，“So”代替上句中的某个成分。如果上面一句是否定句，则使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”的结构。

例如 He’s tired，and so am I.(=I’ m also tired.)

You can swim，and so can I.(=I can also swim.)

She has had supper，and so can I.(=I’ve had lunch，too.)

Tom speaks English，and so does his sister.(=His sister speaks English，too.)

A: I went to the park yesterday.

B: So did I.(=I also went to the park yesterday.)

2.“So +主语+be/have/助动词/情态动词”结构中的主谓是正常语序，so相当于indeed,certainly,表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的肯定、赞同或证实，语气较强，意思是“确实如此”。

例如 A：It was cold yesterday.昨天很冷。

B：So it was.的确如此。(=Yes，it was.)

A：You seem to like sports.

B：So I do.(=Yes，I do.)

A：It will be fine tomorrow.

B：So it will.(=Yes ，it will.)

3.“主语+do/does/did + so”结构指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事，以免重复。

My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.(=I handed in

my composition on time.) 语文老师叫我按时交作文, 我照办了。

4.So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示 “……(的情况)也是如此。”当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时，要表示相同情况，必须使用本句型，不能使用so 引起的倒装句。

She doesn’t play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with my sister.

5、There you are. 行了，好。

这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。如：

There you are! Then let's have some coffee.

除此之外，还可以表示“瞧，对吧(果然如此)”的语气。例如：

There you are! I knew we should find it at last.

对吧!我就知道我们最终能找到的。

6、have some difficulty (in) doing sth.

干某事有困难;接名词时，常用句型：have some difficulty with sth.

①Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding English?

你理解英语口语有困难吗?

②She said she had some difficulty with pronunciation.

她说她在发音方面有困难。

7、have a good knowledge of sth.

“掌握……”，“对……有某种程度的了解”

①He has a good knowledge of London.

他对伦敦有所了解。

②A good knowledge of languages is always useful.

8、Tree after tree went own, cut down by the water, which must have been three metres deep.

一棵又一棵的树被水冲倒、冲断。那水肯定有三米深。

“must have + 过去分词”表示对已发生事情的猜测。在英语中，must，may，can三个情态动词可用来表示对事情的猜测。Must意为“肯定”，语气很有把握;may意为“可能”、“也许”，语气把握性不大。两者常用在肯定句中。Can意为“肯定”、“也许”，常用在否定句或疑问句中。Must，may，can三者用于表示猜测时，其后面可跟三种不同的动词形式：1)跟动词原形表示对现在事情的猜测;

2)跟be doing表示对正在发生事情的猜测;3)跟have done表示对已经发生的事情的猜测。例如：

Helen is Lucy’s good friend. She must know Lucy’s e-mail.海伦是露茜的好朋友。她肯定知道露茜的电子邮件。

We can hear loud voices in the meeting room. They must be quarrelling.我们可以听到会议

室很吵。他们肯定在吵架。

I met Jeff at the gate a moment ago. He can’t have gone to Australia.我刚才还在大门口见

过杰夫。他不可能去了澳大利亚。

9、Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。看着猴子从他手上吃花生，很有趣。

fun “好玩，趣事”，不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词a。

You’re sure to have some fun at the party tonight. 今天晚上你肯定会玩得很开心。

make fun of“取笑”，“嘲弄”。People make fun of him only because he is wearing such a

strange jacket.人们嘲笑他只是因为他穿了一件那么奇怪的衣服。

funny adj. “可笑的，滑稽的”。He looks very funny in his father’s jacket.他穿着他父亲

的衣服，看上去很滑稽。

10、Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea……

许多看过这部电影的人都不敢在海里游。

重点词组：

1. fond of “喜爱，爱好” 接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。例如：

He’s fond of swimming. 他喜欢游泳。

Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗?

He is fond of his research work. 他喜爱他的研究工作。

2. hunt for = look for寻找

I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的书。

hunt for a job 找工作

3. in order to, so as to 这两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语, in order to可放于句首, so as to则不能, 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to. 如:

He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting.

In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意他, 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。

4. care about

1) 喜欢，对……有兴趣 = care for

She doesn’t care about money.她不喜欢钱。

2)关心 = care for

She thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people.

她只考虑自己。她不关心别人。

3)在乎，在意(接从句或不接任何成分)

These young people care nothing about what old people might say.

这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。

5. such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。

She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三门科目,像物理、化学。

6. drop * 　 a line 留下便条, 写封短信

7、make yourself at home 别客气;随便;无拘束

(1) If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home.

如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝点饮料，随便一点。

8、stay up 不睡;熬夜

(1) I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.

我将回家很晚，不要等我了。

(2) He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.

他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。

9、come about 引起;发生;产生

(1)How did the accident come about?

这场事故是怎么发生的?

(2) They didn't know how the change had come about.

他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。

10、except for 除……之外

(1) except 与 except for 的用法常有区别。except 多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如：

①He answered all the questions except the last one.

除去最后一个，他回答了所有问题。

②We go there every day except Sunday.

除了星期天，我们天天去那里。

(2)except for 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如：

①Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.

除去一个老太太，这辆公共汽车全空了。

②Your picture is good except for the colours.

你的画儿很好，只是某些色彩有问题。

(3)但在现代英语中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一个例子可以是：

He answered all the questions except for the last one.

(4) 另外，在介词短语之前只能用except，不能用except for。如：

We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.

除了夏季，我们通常十点之前上床睡觉。

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