三、本单元高考热点归纳与拓展

[概述]

本单元的语法重点是动词的-ing 形式做状语，我们在课文疑难详细解答，

在这里不在重复，其交际项目为：观光、游览。下面我就此交际功能项目做一些举例。

例如：(1)Anything interesting to see here? 这个地方有什么有趣的东西可看?

Are there any places of historic interest? 有什么历史遗迹吗?

What is this city famous for? 这座城市以什么著名?

(2)I'd like to look around the city. 我想周游这个城市。

Let's make a day of it.我们痛痛快快地玩一天。

I think the guide will tell us all about sites of interest.我想导游会给我们详细介绍名胜古迹的。

Are you tired from all the walking.一路走来你累了吗?

I'd like to buy some souvenirs.我想买一些纪念品。

下面我们看与本单元的语法与交际功能相关的一些典型例题：

[经典解析]

例:1. He was sad because of __ any chance of his going to college. ( 黄冈试题)

A. there being not B. there not being C. not there being D. there was not

简析：答案B。这是动名词的复合结构作介词的宾语，其否定式应在动名词前加not。

例：2. __ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.

(2003上海春季高考题)

A. The president will attend B. The president to attend

C. The president attended D. The president's attending

简析：答案D。结合语境分析句子结构，所填空处连同其后的the meeting himself 应该为句子的主语部分，故首先排除A、C两项;因句子的时态为一般过去时，总经理亲自参加会议是指过去的动作而非将要参加的会议，故排除B;D项为动名词的复合结构作主语。

例：3. I can't fix my mind on my work with the children __ so noisily outside my window.( 黄冈试题)

A. playing B. to play C. played D.being played.

简析：答案A。这是“with +名词+v. -ing”的结构，是独立主格结构，在句子中作状语。其句意是：孩子们在窗外如此吵闹，我无法专心工作。

例：4.I've won a holiday for two to Florida. I___ my mum.

(2001年春季高考题)

A.am taking B.have taken C. take D. will have taken.

简析：答案A。此处是表将来，排除B、C两项。A项是进行时表将来，表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。D项是将来完成时，是个相对另一个将来时间而存在的状态，强调该动作先于将来的另一个动作，而上下文中没有提供另一个将来的时间，因此排除D。

例：5.___ at the door before entering please. ( 黄冈试题)

A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock

简析：答案D。这是祈使句，要用动词原形。

例：6.Europe football is played in 80 countries, __ it the most popular sport

in the world. (1998年全国高考题)

A. making B. makes C. make D. to make.

简析：答案A。“八十多个国家都踢欧式足球，这使其成为世界上最流行的运动。”此处应选现在分词作状语。此题可用排除法来考虑：不表目的不用不定式，排除D。 其后跟宾语和宾语补足语，不可能是被动的，排除C;不是完整的句子，不用谓语动词，排除B。

四、生词详解

amusement[E5mju:zmEnt]n.娱乐, 消遣, 娱乐活动

Big cities have many amusements.大城市有许多娱乐。

I amuse myself with (by) reading.我以读书自娱。

[记忆技巧]知道了amusement就一定能知道其动词amuse vt.给……娱乐(消遣)

[常用词组]be amused as 以……为乐;对……觉得有趣(好笑)/be amused by 以...为乐; 对...觉得有趣[好笑]/be amused with以...为乐; 对...觉得有趣[好笑]/amuse oneself with以...自娱

2. attraction[E5trAkFEn]n.吸引, 吸引力, 吸引人的事物

The idea of working for state-owned enterprises has little attraction to young people nowadays.现时去国营企业就职的想法对年青人没有多大吸引力。

The tides are caused by the attraction of the moon for the earth.

潮汐是由月亮对地球的引力引起的。

She was attract many bees. 鲜花招引来许多蜜蜂。

[记忆技巧]知道了attraction就一定能知道其动词attract vt. 吸引 vi. 有吸引力，引起注意;其形容词 attractive adj. 有吸引力的

3. minority[mai5nCriti]n.少数, 少数民族,未成年

We're in the minority, more people are against us than with us.

赞成我们的居少数;我们成了少数派。

The minority nationality concert lasted two hours.

少数民族音乐会持续了两个小时。

The nation wants peace; only a minority want(s) the war to continue.

全国人民要和平,只有少数人希望继续打仗。

He is in his minority.他尚未成年。

[记忆技巧]minor adj. 较小的，次要的，二流的，未成年的

[常用词组]be in a minority of one得不到任何人的支持

/be in the minority占少数

4. thrill [Wril]v.发抖//n.兴奋;激动;胆战心惊;欢乐

The traveller thrilled us with his stories.这位旅行者的经历使我们惊骇不已。

It gave me a thrill to know I had passed the examination.

我得知考试及格后很兴奋。

We thrilled at the good news.听到那好消息我们感到很兴奋。

[常用词组]thrill with joy 为喜悦所激动

5. entertainment[entE5teinmEnt]n.款待, 娱乐, 娱乐表演

例：A cinema is a place of entertainment.电影院是公众娱乐场所。

A science fiction cannot not be regarded as a mere entertainment, but in fact it tells the reader much more.

科幻小说不能简单地看成是供消遣的,而实际上它给读者展示更深刻的内容。

[记忆技巧]entertain+ -ment名词后缀

[常用词组]give an entertainment to sb.招待某人//the entertainment of guests对宾客的招待/a house of entertainment 娱乐场;旅馆;酒馆/to the entertainment of 使感到有趣的是/hold a farewell entertainment 举行欢送会

6. conversation[7kCnvE5seiFEn]n.会话, 交谈

I had a long conversation with your teacher.

我和你们老师进行了长时间的谈话。

[记忆技巧]converse(vi. 谈话)变名词=conversation

[常用词组]get into conversation with和...攀谈(起来)/have a conversation with和...交谈[会谈]/in conversation with(在)和...谈话

7. institution[7insti5tju:FEn]n.公共机构, 协会, 制度

例：Giving presents on Christmas is an institution.圣诞节送礼是一种风俗。

Marriage became an institution in ancient societies.

婚姻在古代社会就已经成为一种制度。

[记忆技巧]institute(vt. 创立，开始，制定)+ion 变 n. institution

8. coastal[5kEustl]adj.海岸的, 沿海的

例：Shanghai is a coastal city. 上海是一座沿海城市。

9. divide[di5vaid]v.分, 划分, 分开, 隔开;(常与in，into连用)分开;划分

The Nile divides near its mouth and forms a delta.

尼罗河在靠近河口的地方分开，形成一个三角洲。

Let's divide ourselves into several groups.我们分成几个小组吧。

How shall we divide up the labour in the work?我们怎样分工?

[记忆技巧]divide变名词=division n. 分开，区分，除法，公司，(军事)师，分配，分界线

10. section[5sekFEn]n.部分, 断片, 部件, 节, 项, 区, 地域, 截面

One section of the class was reading and the other section was writing.

班上的一部分人在看书，另一部分人在写东西。

Divide the class into five sections of six students each.

把班级分成五个小组,每组六个学生。

[记忆技巧]sect(部分，段)+ion=section

[常用词组]show sth. in section把某物以断面显示出来

build in sections分段制造

11. discovery[dis5kQvEri]n.发现, 发明的东西

例：His discoveries included 300 uses for peanuts and 200 uses for sweet potatoes.他的发现包括花生的三百种用途和红薯的二百种用途。

The discovery of oil on their land made the people rapidly rich.

他们土地上发现了石油使这里的人们家很快致富了。

[记忆技巧]discovery(v. 发现)+ y 变名词 = discovery

12. butterfly[5bQtEflai]n.[动]蝴蝶//蝶泳

a butterfly stroke蝶式游泳

[记忆技巧]butter (牛油)+fly (n. 苍蝇)=butterfly，相关词组：dragonfly 蜻蜓，cheese fly 干酪蝇，fruit fly 果蝇

[常用词组]as light as a butterfly 轻浮

13. injury[5indVEri]n.伤害, 侮辱

to suffer injuries to the head头部受伤

I take it as a personal injury. 我认为这是对个人的侮辱。

[记忆技巧]injure (v. 伤害)去e+y=injury

[常用词组]be an injury to 伤害...， 危害...，对...有害/do sth. an injury 伤害某人/do an injury to sb. 伤害某人

14. achievement [E5tFi:vmEnt]n.成就, 功绩

Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great achievement.

首次飞越大西洋是一个伟大的功绩。

Such a goal was impossible of achievement.

这样的目标是不可能实现的。

[记忆技巧]achieve (vt. 完成)+ment=achievement

15. darkness darkness[5dB:knis]n.黑暗, 漆黑

例：We couldn't see the houses in the darkness.

[记忆技巧]dark(adj. 黑暗的)+ ness 变名词=darkness

[常用词组]pitch darkness 漆黑，伸手不见掌/darkness visible 漆黑，极黑

16. twist[twist]n. 扭曲, 盘旋, 歪曲//vt.拧, 扭曲, 编织//vi.扭弯, 扭曲

a road full of twists and turns弯弯曲曲的路

The path twisted up the hill.这条小路盘绕在小山上。

Twist the lid to open it.拧这盖儿打开它。

[常用词组]a twist in one's tongue发音不清, 口齿不清/twist it down

狼吞虎咽/twist off扭断; 扭[拧]开/twist up把...卷成螺旋形; 扭弯; 歪曲

17. motion[5mEuFEn]n.运动, 动作//v.运动

You must not get out of the car when it is in motion.

汽车行驶的时候千万不能下车。

Motion itself is a contradiction.运动本身就是矛盾。

She motioned to the waiter.他向侍者打了个手势。

[记忆技巧]拉丁词根mot动+ion =motion

[常用词组]go through the motions of[口]装出...的样子, 走过场, 虚应故事/in motion在开动中, 在运转中; 处于兴奋[骚动]状态/make a motion

用手示意; 提议, 动议/put (set )sth. in motion 开动某物，调动某物

18. splash splash[splAF]n.溅, 飞溅, 斑点//v.溅, 泼, 溅湿

The rain came down in a splash.瓢泼大雨哗哗而下 。

The children splashed in the pool.孩子们在水池里溅水。

Don't splash me: I don't want to get wet.不要往我身上溅水，我不想弄湿。

[常用词组]make [cut] a splash发出泼溅声; [喻]摆阔, 摆排场, 炫耀, 引起哄动/with a splash啪嚓[扑通]一声/splash about站[坐]在水中打水, 戏水/splash with在...上溅(泥等), 在...上浇洒/splash on [onto]往...上面溅(水等)

19. imagination[i7mAdVi5neiFEn]n.想象, 空想, 想象的事物, 想象力, 听觉

His imagination played round that queer idea.他老是想着那个怪念头。

You didn't really see it — it was just your imagination.你没有真正看到它，这只是你的想象。

[记忆技巧]imagine (vt. 落千丈想象，设想)去e加ation=imagination

[常用词组]beyond(all) imagination(完全)出乎意料地/draw on (one's) imagination杜撰, 编造/have a good imagination想象力好[差]; [谑]很会[不会]说谎/have a poor imagination想象力好[差]; [谑]很会[不会]说谎

20. designer[di5zainE]n.阴谋家,设计家,制图师

例：I want to be a designer. 我想要成为设计师。

[记忆技巧]design(v. 设计)+ er 变动作的执行者= designer

21.endless[5endlis]adj.无止境的, 无穷的

例：There is endless work to do when you have children in the house.

当你家里有了孩子时，你就有干不完的活。

The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty.飞机能够毫无困难地飞越这一望无际的茫茫雪原。

The voyage seemed endless.这次海上航行的旅程似乎没有尽头。

[记忆技巧]end (n. 末端，结束)+less 后缀(无……)=endless

[常用词组]at loose end 无所事事/at an end 完成/keep one's end up (面对困难)坚持不懈/make (both) ends meet 收支相抵