[大纲词汇] disparaging adj.蔑视的,毁谤的,轻视的

[经典例句] Please don't make any disparaging remarks.

13. scapegoat n替罪羊，代人受过者

[联想记忆]记住goat这个词。在英文中与"羊"有关的还有black sheep,表示败类，害群之马

14. off-the-cuff未经准备的;即席的;随意的

[经典例句] Insgroupsto show your humor, you must make some off-the-cuff humorous remarks.

15. exaggeration夸张;夸大

[大纲词汇] exaggerate vt, vi夸张;夸大

[经典例句] The managers exaggerate the difficulties of the situation to get additional financial support from the borad.

16. understatement (一种修辞方法)故意的轻描淡写

第三部分 难句解析

1. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.

[结构剖析]：该句是一个复杂单句，句子的主语是your humor，后面有两个平行的谓语must be和should help它们后面分别有其宾语。其中should help后面的宾语是不定式to show，而它的宾语比较复杂，是两个并列的宾语从句：that you are one of them和that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view，中间用or连接

[阅读重点]：本句结构比较简明，只需注意show them后面是两个并列的宾语从句就可以了。后面的宾语从句中有个很有用的词组in sympathy with，表示同情，同意，赞同。

[参考译文]：你的幽默必须和听众相关，而且能够帮你显示你是他们中的一分子，或者你了解他们所处的情形且同意他们的观点。

2. If you are part of thesgroupswhich you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties

[结构剖析]：if引导了一个条件从句，而后面的主句是两个子句构成的并列句。在第一个字句you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you中又有一个定语从句which are common to all of you来修饰the experiences and problems，而后面的子句的结构是一个it is adj for sb to do sth的结构。

[阅读重点]：要看懂本句，重点在于要把后面的两个子句断开，并分别理解。

[参考译文]：如果你是你讲话对象中的一员，那么你就身处一种(有利)位置来了解对你们来说都很普遍的经历和问题，而且你对餐厅中难以下咽的食物或老总臭名昭彰的领带品位进行随意评判也是合适的。

3. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.

[结构剖析]：该句是一个祈使句。谓语是include，宾语是remarks，后面有一个定语从句修饰它

[阅读重点]：注意该句的特性。另外注意off-the-cuff的意思

[参考译文]：你应该(在讲话中)还包括几个随意的和似乎是脱口而出的评论，这些评论应该以一种放松自然的方式表达出来。

4. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark

[结构剖析]：整句可以看成是由so连接的并列句，前后有一定的因果关系。前面的子句是一个强调结构，而后面又是一个祈使句，其谓语动词是speak和remember。而remember后面又是一个很长的宾语从句。

[阅读重点]：要理解前后的因果关系。

[参考译文]：经常是表达方式会使听众发笑，因此要讲得慢一点，而且记住抬抬眉毛或作出一个不相信的表情都能帮你显示你是在讲笑话。

第四部分

答案：1.C 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.A

Early one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run smoothly around the needle.