高中英语知识点：动词种类和形式_学习方法

高中英语知识点：动词种类和形式

编辑：sx_wangha

2012-03-20

【读者按】动词可分为及物动词和不及物动词两大类。那我们该怎么用动词呢？怎么样用才正确呢？下面看看精品学习网编辑的“高中英语知识点”

类别	意义	例句
实义动词	含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。	She has some bananas. They eat a lot of potatoes.
连系动词	本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语。	His father is a teacher. Twins usually look the same. The teacher became very angry.
助动词	本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。	He doesn’t speak English. We are playing basketball. Do you have a brother?
情态动词	本身有一定的意义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化,有些情态动词有过去式。	You can keep the books for two weeks. May I smoke here? We must go now.

★重要注解：

(1)关于实义动词：

①英语的实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词两大类：

后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的叫及物动词；本身意义完整,后面不需跟宾语的叫不及物动词。

②有些动词通常只作不及物动词。如：go,come,happen,lie,listen,rise,arrive等。

有些动词通常用作及物动词。如：say,raise,lay,find,buy等。

③大多数动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。如：study,sing等。

④有些动词作及物动词与作不及物动词时的意义有所不同。如：know,wash等。

⑤有些动词常和介词、副词或其它词类一起构成固定词组,形成短语动词。如：listen,reply,wait,look.

(2)关于连系动词：

①连系动词用来连接主语和表语,连系动词后面常为形容词。

②常见的连系动词有：be、become、look、feel、sound、smell、taste、seem、turn、grow、get、go、fall、sit、stand、lie等。

③有些连系动词来源于实义动词,意思也跟着变化：look(看→看起来)、feel(感觉、摸→感到)、smell(闻、嗅→闻起来)、taste(尝→尝起来)、turn(翻转、转动→变得)、grow(生长→变得)、get(得到、到达→变得)、go(去→变得),所不同的是,作为实义动词时,后面不能跟形容词。

(3)关于助动词：

①常见的助动词有：

用于进行时和被动语态的be(am,is,are,was,were,been,being);

用于完成时的have(has,had,having);

用于将来时的shall(should);will(would)

用于一般时的do(does,did).

②助动词必须同主语的人称和数一致,也就是说因主语人称、数的不同而采用不同的形式,其中有些助动词也可作情态动词。如：shall,will,should,would.

(4)关于情态动词：

2、动词词形变化一览表：

(1)规则动词变化表：

规则变化	原形动词结尾情况	现在时单三人称	现在分词/动名词	过去式和过去分词
	一般情况	+s	+ing	+ed
	s,x,ch,sh,o结尾	+es	+ing	+ed
	辅音字母+y结尾	y→i,+es	+ing	y→i,+ed
	重读闭音节一元一辅结尾	+s	双写辅音字母,+ing	双写辅音字母,+ed
	不发音的e结尾	+s	去掉e,+ing	+d
	ie结尾	+s	ie→y,+ing	+d
不规则变化		have→has；be→is	(无)	(见不规则动词变化表)

(2)不规则动词变化表：(原形→过去式→过去分词)

be(am,is)	was	been	lose		lost	lost
be(are)	were	been	make		made	made
beat	beat	beaten	may		might
become	became	become	mean		meant	meant
begin	began	begun	meet		met	met
blow	blew	blown	mistake		mistook	mistaken
break	broke	broken	must		must
bring	brought	brought	pay		paid	paid
build	built	built	put		put	put
buy	bought	bought	read		read	Read
can	could		ride		rode	ridden
catch	caught	caught	ring		rang	rung
choose	chose	chosen	rise		rose	risen
come	came	come	run		ran	run
cost	cost	cost	say		said	said
cut	cut	cut	see		saw	seen
dig	dug	dug	sell		sold	sold
do	did	done	send		sent	sent
draw	drew	drawn	set		set	set
drink	drank	drunk	shall		should
drive	drove	driven	shine	shone		shone
eat	ate	eaten	show	showed		shown
fall	fell	fallen	shut	shut		shut
feel	felt	felt	sing	sang		sung
find	found	found	sink	sank/sunk		sunk/sunken
fly	flew	flown	sit	set		set
forget	forgot	forgot/forgotten	sleep	slept		slept
freeze	froze	frozen	smell	smelt		smelt
get	got	got	speak	spoke		spoken
give	gave	given	spend	spent		spent
go	went	gone	spill	spilt		spilt
grow	grew	grown	spoil	spoilt		spoilt
hang	hung/hanged	hung/hanged	stand	stood		stood
have(has)	had	had	sweep	swept		swept
hear	heard	heard	swim	swam		swum
hide	hid	hidden	take	took		taken
hit	hit	hit	teach	taught		taught
hold	held	held	tell	told		told
hurt	hurt	hurt	think	thought		thought
keep	kept	kept	throw	threw		thrown
know	knew	known	understand	understood		understood
lay	laid	laid	wake	woke/waked		woken/waked
learn	learnt/learned	learnt/learned	wear	wore		worn
leave	left	left	will	would
lend	lent	lent	win	won		won
let	let	let	write	wrote		witten
lie	lay	lain

3、be(“是/存在”)动词的各种时态变化：

一般现在时	一般将来时	现在完成时
I am…. You are.… He/She/It is…. We/You/They are….	(I等各人称) will be…. I am He/She/It is going to be… We/You/They are	I have been…. You have been…. She/he/It has been…. We/You/They have been….
一般过去时	过去将来时	过去完成时
I was…. You were.… He/She/It was…. We/You/They were….	(I等各人称) would be…. I was He/She/It was going to be… We/You/They were	I had been…. You had been…. She/he/It had been…. We/You/They had been….

注意：句型变化时,

否定句在am/is/are/will/have/has/was/were/had/would后面加not,而且not都可以缩写为n’t(am后面not不可以缩写)；

疑问句将am/is/are/will/have/has/was/were/had/would提前到句首。

4、其它谓语动词(主动语态)的时态变化一览表：

现在时态	一般现在时	现在进行时	一般将来时	现在完成时
谓语动词构成	动词用原形(单三加s / es) (问句和否定句借用助词do / does)	am is +动词-ing are	will + 动词原形 am is +going to+动词原形 are	have +过去分词 has
过去时态	一般过去时	过去进行时	过去将来时	过去完成时
谓语动词构成	动词用过去式 (问句和否定句借用助词did)	was +动词-ing were	would + 动词原形 was +going to+动词原形 were

注：动词的非谓语形式及用法见非谓语动词专项讲解。

误区提醒

动词的种类和形式要结合动词的时态、语态等来学习，掌握好动词的分类和形式，是学好时态和语态的基础，撇开动词分类及基础知识去学其他内容，是舍本求末的做法，只有基础扎实了，才能高屋建瓴，彻底弄清楚跟动词有关的其他内容，打赢英语学习当中的攻坚战！

相关推荐：

高中数学知识点：导数在研究函数中的应用

高中语文知识点：选用、仿用、变换句式

做完题后，需要做些什么（高中数学）

高二文理分科我们应该怎么选择

专题推荐：

北京精锐教育高中一对一辅导专题

标签：学习方法

查看更多学习方法1下一篇

免责声明

精品学习网(51edu.com)在建设过程中引用了互联网上的一些信息资源并对有明确来源的信息注明了出处，版权归原作者及原网站所有，如果您对本站信息资源版权的归属问题存有异议，请您致信qinquan#51edu.com(将#换成@)，我们会立即做出答复并及时解决。如果您认为本站有侵犯您权益的行为，请通知我们，我们一定根据实际情况及时处理。