4. 不用被动语态的情况

1) 不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end(vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有无被动语态。例如：

After the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。

比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词;raise, seat是及物动词。

要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。

2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如：

This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只配这把锁。

Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你说的与我们听说的一致。

3) 系动词无被动语态，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如：It sounds good. 听上去不错。

4) 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如：

She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个恶梦。

5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如：

(对) She likes to swim.

(错) To swim is liked by her.

5. 主动形式表示被动意义

1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如：

The book sells well.　　这本书销路好。

This knife cuts easily.　 这刀子很好用。

2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build等。例如：

I was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了，我该受指责。

Much work remains. 还有许多活要干。

3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如：

The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。

This book is worth reading.　这本书值得一读。

4)特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)等。例如：

Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。

6. 被动形式表示主动意义，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get married等。例如：

He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。

注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如：

He married a rich girl. 他与一个富妞结婚了。

He got married to a rich girl.

7.need/want/require/worth

当 need, want, require, be worth后面接doing时，表示的是被动意义。例如：

Your hair wants cutting.　你的头发该理了。

The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。

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