三．分词

1 The story is interesting . I’m interested in it .

这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。

2 . This is a moving film .

这是一部动人的电影。

3. The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president .

秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。

4. Given more time , I’ll do it well .

如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。

When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank .

当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。

应注意的几个问题：

1.现在分词与过去分词的区别

Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?

= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ?

The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.

= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.

China is a developing country and America is a developed country.

2.分词作表语

The news sounds encouraging .

They got very excited .

1)现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：

The news is interesting .

He is interested in the news .

doing 作表语，主语与表语是主谓关系 ;done 作表语，主语与表语是动宾关系。

2)表语与被动式的区别：

The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .(强调动作)

The blackboard is broken . You’d better have it repaired.(强调状态)

3)常作表语的过去分词：

amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gone , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done

3.现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别

The situation in our country is encouraging . (表语)

The situation in our country is encouraging the people . ( 现在进行时)

My job is looking after the little baby . (动名词)

能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。

例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging .

What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby .

4.注意的四种结构：

have something to do 有某事要做

have something done 使某事被做

have somebody do something 使某人做某事

have something doing 让某事一直做着

5. 需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词：

seat , prepare , hide , dress

如：I seated myself on the chair .

I was seated on the chair .

6.分词做状语与不定式的区别：

分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、 条件、方式、伴随等;而不定式表示目的和结果。

Having finished the homework , I went home . ( 时间)

Being a Party member , I should work hard . (原因)

Given more time ,I can do my work better . ( 条件 )

He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy. ( 伴随)

To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder . ( 目的 )

He is old enough to join the army . ( 结果)

7.分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别

a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is running

a fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallen

a walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walking

something to do 不定式 = something that I should do

8.不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别：

I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting . ( 将来)

The building being built on the river is the Science Museum . (正在进行)

The building completed three years ago is now in bad conditions . ( 过去)

9.分词做状语需要注意的一个问题：

分词与句子主语的逻辑关系

Seeing from the hill , the city looks beautiful .( 错误 )

Seen from the hill , the city looks beautiful . ( 正确)

Seeing 与the city 不是主谓关系;seen 与city 是动宾关系