误：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of any city in China.

正：The population of Shanghai is larger than that of any other city in China.

析：从逻辑上说，Shanghai在China范围内，或者说Shanghai也是China范围内的一个城市，若不用other，则句意为“上海的人口比中国任何城市的人口都多”，

4. 比较级和最高级的常见修饰语

比较级的修饰语：常见的有far, even, still, a lot, lots, a great deal, a bit, rather, three times, any, no, very much 等。如：

Japanese is much [far] more difficult than English. 日语比英语难多了。

She felt a great deal more comfortable now. 她现在感觉舒服多了。

He works hard, but she works still harder [harder still]. 他工作很努力，但她工作更努力。

最高级的修饰语：常见的有(by) far, much, nearly, almost, not quite, by no means, very, second, next 等。如：

His illness is far more serious than we thought. 他的病比我们想像的要严重得多。

China’s population is by far the largest of any country. 中国是全世界人口最多的国家。

I want to give my children the very best education I can afford. 我想给我孩子力所能及的最良好的教育。

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河流。

注：very不能修饰比较级，却可修饰最高级，但它与一般的修饰最高的副词有所不同，即它要放在最高级前定冠词之后，而不是之前(另外，second, third, next等也要入在定冠词之后)。