高中英语语法之to do sth和for [of] doing sth

1. capacity能力，才能

表示做某事的能力，capacity后可接 to do sth, for doing sth, of doing sth。如：

Her capacity to remember facts is remarkable. 她的记忆力很惊人。

He has a great capacity for enjoying himself. 他很会想办法自得其乐。

The boy shows a great capacity to learn [of learning, for learning] languages. 这孩子显露出学习语言的卓越能力。

2. means 方式，方法，手段;财力，金钱

(1) 表示做某事的方法，means后通常接of doing sth。如：

We had no means of warning them. 我们没有办法警告他们。

There is no means of finding out what happened. 无法弄清发生了什么事情。

Can you devise a means of overcoming the problem? 你能想出法子来解决这个难题吗?

有时也可后接不定式，但不如后接of doing sth常见。如：

My English teacher provided me with the means to enjoy reading poetry. 我的英语老师告诉了我欣赏诗歌的方法。

另外，有时也可后接 for doing sth，也不如用of doing sth 常见。如：

It’s an effective means for finding qualified job applicants. 这是寻找合适求职者的有效方法。

(2) 表示做某事的财力，其后通常接不定式，且尤其见于have the means to do sth这一结构。如：

He doesn’t have the means to support a wife and child. 他没有钱养活妻子和孩子。

Small businesses don’t have the means to develop a sophisticated Internet presence. 小企业通常没有财力投资建设复杂的因特网平台。

3. responsibility

(1)表示做某事的责任或负责做某事，其后通常接of [for] doing sth，而不接不定式。如：

Mr Smith will take the responsibility of [for] doing the experiment. 史密斯先生将负责做这个实验。

She is charged with the responsibility of [for] receiving callers and answering letters. 她被安排负责接待来访者和回信。

(2)但是，在have [feel] a responsibility结构后可以接不定式。如：

Every citizen has a responsibility to vote. 每个公民都有投票选举的责任。

They have a responsibility to discover which wives have walked out on their husbands. 他们有责任找出哪些妻子抛弃了丈夫。

注：类似下面这样的句子，responsibility后面的不定式不是定语，而是句子主语：

To my mind it’s the government’s responsibility to help these people. 依我看帮助这些人是政府的责任。

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