这里 spread 是名词。

the spread of a disease 一种疾病的蔓延   the spread of education 教育的普及

12. wealthy adj.(wealthier，wealthiest)

(1)有钱的;富的

a wealthy family 富裕的家庭

例句：If we want everyone to be healthy, wealthy and happy, strict birth control is quite essential.

如果我们想使每个人都能过健康、富裕和幸福的生活，就必须实行严格的计划生育。

(2)富于……的

a wealthy land富饶的土地  a country wealthy in natural resources 自然资源丰富的国家

wealthy in compassion 感情丰富

词汇拓展：

(1)wealthily adv. 富有地, 丰富地

(2)wealth n.

①[U](大笔)财富，财产

例句：The father passed on the family's wealth to his son.这位父亲把大笔家产传给儿子。

②(与of连用)大量，许多

a wealth of examples 许多例子

a magazine with a wealth of photos 一本有许多图片的杂志

例句：She has a wealth of knowledge about plants. 她具有丰富的植物知识。

13. painful adj. (不可修饰人，反义词painless)

(1)使痛苦的;使痛的

例句：His head was very painful.他的头很疼。

(2)费心费力的; 困难的

a painful task 困难的任务a painful duty 费力的工作

词汇拓展：

(1)painfully adv. 痛苦地(反义词painlessly，无痛苦的;无需努力的，不费力的)

(2)pain n.

①痛苦;悲痛

例句：His bad behavior caused his parents a great deal of pain.

他的不良行为使他的父母感到非常痛苦。

②痛;疼痛

例句：He had a pain in his head.他头疼。

He has pains / a pain / pain in the shoulders.他两肩痛疼。

Has the pain passed off yet?不痛了吧?

③苦恼;烦闷; 讨厌的人;讨厌的物;厌恶

例句：She's a real pain.她真是一个令人讨厌的人。(= pain in the neck)

④(pl)辛苦;努力

例句：No pains, no gains./No gains without pains. (谚)不劳则无获。

We must give him something. for his pains.我们必须给他点什么以便酬报他的辛劳。

常见短语：

be at pains to do sth. 苦心经营;辛苦地做

take pains (to do/in doing) 费苦心，努力做

14. attract vt.

(1)吸引

例句：She was attracted by the novel advertisement.她被这新颖的广告吸引住了。

I tried to attract his attention, but failed.我想要引起他的注意，却枉费心机。

(2)招引(多和to连用)

例句：What do you think attracts people to big cities?

你认为把人吸引到大城市的原因是什么?

He’s always attracted to women older than him.

他总是被年纪比她大的女性所迷住。

词汇拓展：

(1)attractive adj. 有吸力的;有魅力的

例句：Her dark eyes are very attractive.      她的黑眼睛很迷人。

(2)attraction [C,U] 吸引，吸引力，吸引人的事物

例句：The idea of working for state-owned enterprises has little attraction to young people nowadays.

现时去国营企业就职的想法对年青人没有多大吸引力。

The main attraction of the circus was a dancing bear.

那马戏团最精彩的节目是熊表演舞蹈。

(3)attractively adv. 动人地，迷人地

15. handsome adj. (字母d不发音)

(1)漂亮的，英俊的(男人);健美的，温雅的(女人)

例句：He looks handsome and healthy. 他显得俊美，健康。

Would you describe that lady as handsome or beautiful?

你觉得那女子是体态俊俏(五官端正)还是美丽啊?

(2)慷慨的;大方的

a handsome present 大方的礼物

例句：Handsome is that (as) handsome does. (谚)慷慨仁慈才是真美。

It is handsome of you to give us so much. 你真好，给了我们这么多。

(3)相当大的，可观的：

a handsome prize 一笔巨额奖金   a handsome reward 一笔可观的报酬

16.announcement n.通告，宣告

例句：He waited for the announcement of the result of the competition with bated breath.

他屏息静气地等待宣布竞赛结果。

I’d like to make an important announcement.我要发表一项重要声明。

词汇拓展;

announce vt. 宣布, 通告，发表

例句：The captain announced that the plane was going to land.机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。

The government announced its new economic policies.政府发布了新的经济政策。

17. competitive adj. 竞争的

a competitive spirit 竞争精神

词语拓展：

(1)competition n.

①[U] 竞争

例句：He was in competition with 10 others for the job.

为得到这份工作他与10个人展开竞争。

Because there is so much unemployment, the competition for jobs is very fierce.

由于失业如此众多,求职的竞争十分激烈。

There is more competition than before.

现在竞争比以前增加了。

② [C] 竞赛

enter a competition 参加比赛

hold a golf competition 举办高尔夫比赛

例句：He takes part in a swimming competition.他参加游泳比赛。

It was a friendly competition. 这是一次友好的比赛。

注意：competition与game, race, match的区别在于：

game作“游戏，比赛”解,通常有一定规则，凡参加者均需遵守;说球赛, 美国人通

常用game，英国人则常用match。另外games(复数) 一般指大型的国际体育运动会, 如 the Olympic Games (奥运会), the Asian Games(亚运会)。

match 一般指竞技比赛, 如: 拳击、网球、高尔夫球等。

race 通常指赛跑、赛马、赛车、赛船等运动。

competition 意为:比赛, 竞争, 可指各种形式的竞赛。

(2)compete vi. 比赛, 竞争

例句：The children compete against (with) each other to reach the other end of the pool.

孩子们互相竞争着抵达池子的另一端。

The two teams competed for the championship.那两支队伍要争夺冠军。

Although there were only 4 horses competing, it was an exciting race.

虽然只有4匹马比赛, 这比赛仍很精彩。

All these countries competed in the trade. 所有这些国家都在贸易中进行竞争。

(3)competitor n. 对手;敌手;竞争者;比赛者

例句：There were 12 competitors in the two-hundred-meter dash.

有十二名选手参加二百米赛跑。

The number of the competitors is 40. 参加比赛的人数是40。

短语讲解：

1. feel like vt.

(1)(口语)意欲，想要，感觉想做……

例句：I feel like (having) a drink.         我想喝一杯。

Do you feel like taking a walk?      你要不要去散散步?

(2)摸(感觉)上去如同

例句：It feels like silk.  它摸起来像绸缎。

She felt like a princess in that dress.她穿上那件衣服后，觉得自己像个公主。

I feel like (like = as if) I am flying like a bird.我感觉自己就像鸟儿在飞翔。

短语拓展：

① look like 看上去似乎，好像

例句：She looks so much like her mother.她看起来很像她母亲。

Look at that dark cloud. It looks like rain.看看那乌云，好像要下雨了。

Everything on the ground looks like tiny toys when you look down from a plane.

从飞机上往下看，地上的东西都像是小小的玩具。

② sound like 听起来像

例句：It sounded like a train that was going under my house when the earthquake happened.

地震发生时，听起来像有列火车在我的房子底下穿行似的。

It sounds like American country music.这听起来像是美国乡村音乐。

What he said sounds like a lie. 他所说的话听来像是谎言。

2. live a … life  过着……的生活

live a busy but comfortable life 过着繁忙但舒适的生活

live a happy(simple) life 过着快乐(朴实)的生活

3. under pressure adv./adj 被迫;在强制下

例句：He doesn't work well under pressure. 他在压力之下不能很好地工作。

短语拓展：

(1)under the pressure of 在……逼迫下，在……压力下

例句：He’s under the pressure of business. 他经受着生意上的压力。

(2)put/bring pressure on/upon sb. to do sth.对某人施加压力

例句：They put/brought pressure on me to sell my precious land.

他们给我施加压力，要我买到宝贵的土地。

4. go on

(1)发生;恰巧发生：

例句：I didn't know what was going on.我不知道发生了什么事。

(2)(时间)经过，过去

例句：As the days went on, it grew colder.     随着日子一天天过去，天气越来越冷了。