1)词组拓展：

commit suicide 自杀    commit murder 谋杀

commit an error 做错事    commit a crime 犯罪

2)同义词辨析：

commit，discharge 和 do 都含有“进行某种活动”的意思。

commit 指“犯错误或犯下某种罪行”，或指“干某种坏事、傻事”。如：

He was arrested for committing. 他因犯有多种罪行而被捕了。

discharge 指“忠实能干地执行任务”也指“履行职责或诺言”。如：

The nurse discharged her duties.

do 指“从事任何一种具体的或抽象的工作。”如：

He did the job brilliantly.

10. react  vi. 起反应, 起作用, 反抗, 起反作用

巧记提示 re-(= back，回、反)+ act (n.作用、行动)→反应

eg. People can react badly to certain food additives.

有的人对某些食物添加剂会产生不良反应。

These composers reacted against romanticism.

这些作家背离了浪漫主义的风格。

派生词：reaction n.反应。

(1)固定搭配：

react against 反抗、反对，

react on 对……起作用、对……有影响、对……起反应，

react to 对……作出反应

用正确的介词填空

Evidence (证据) is growing that many animals do not react well _____ tourists _____ their backyard.

11. quality  n. 质量，品质

quality (质量，品质，性质) →quantity (n.量，数量)

eg. This new model is of high quality and is not expensive either.

这种新型号质量非常好，而且也不贵。

High quality，low price. 物美价廉。(诺基亚6340i广告词)

固定搭配：of good quality 上等的，优质的 of poor quality 劣质的，劣等的

12. disabled  adj. 无效的，不起作用的; 残疾的。

巧记提示 dis-(否定前缀)+able(adj. 有能力的)+-d→残疾的。

eg. a disabled vehicle. 不能骑的车

a disabled veteran/ child 伤残老兵/孩子

Deaf people and dumb people are disabled. 聋人和哑人都是残疾人。

the disabled 可指代残疾人，作主语时，谓语用复数。

13. confident  adj.  自信的

confident (adj. 信心)→confidence (n.信心)

eg. We are confident of success. 我们有信心能成功。

Give him your confidence. 信任他。

1)同根词：confidence n.自信，信心;confidently adv.自信地

2)用法：confidence 是名词，后面的介词用 in ;confident 是形容词，后面的介词用 of 。

翻译：

1)We’re confident that we can overcome the difficulties.

2)Next month，she will go to a place at war. She is confident to do her work well and give people real reports.

14. admire  vt.钦佩，羡慕

eg. I admire him for his success in business.我佩服他事业有成。

1)派生词：admirer n. 崇拜者，admiration n.佩服，admiring  adj. 羡慕的

2)固定搭配：admire sb. for sth.在某方面佩服某人。如：

I admire him for his achievements.我对他的成就很佩服。

15. on one’s own 单独地，独自地

eg. He is now out of college and on his own.

他现在离开了大学并且自己生活。

1)同义短语：(all) by oneself 单独地

形似短语;of one’s own (某人)自己的

2)one’s 在句中通常以形容词性物主代词的形式出现，这个形容词性物主代词与前面某个表示人或物的名词或代词对应。

用正确的代词填空

He has a house of _____own，and the house was built on _____own.

16. give up 放弃

No matter what happens，do not give up hopes.

不管发生什么，都不要放弃希望。

固定搭配：give sth. up 或 give up sth.

翻译下列句子：

The suspects(嫌疑犯)gave themselves up. 投降

She always gives herself up to her work. 将(自己)完全奉献

The finally gave up their search. 停止做或执行

You must give up smoking. 停止;结束：

gave up the apartment; 让出;

gave up all hope. 放弃

We had given the dog up as lost. 对……失去希望。

We’d given you up an hour ago. 以为见不到/没有希望见到。

同义词组：give up 与 put away：

give up 是指在思想上、意识上放弃某种想法、看法、意见;

put away是指行动上抛弃某一事物。

抛弃;舍弃：

Put all negative thoughts away. 抛弃所有消极的思想。

17. come to 达到某种状态

eg. The performance of the opera has come to its climax.

歌剧的表演已经到达最高潮了

come to 意思很多，除了“达到某种状态”还有“涉及，谈及”“获得，到达”“总共，共计”“突然想起”等。判断下列句中 come to 的意思。

1)They came to the conclusion that they had made an unforgivable mistake.

2)The bill came to$5.50.

3)The water came to my waist.

4)Suddenly the words of the song came to me.

18. pull through 使从(受伤)中活过来;渡过难关

1)该词组还可以相当于一个及物动词，pull sb. through 意为“使某人渡过难关”。

eg. His wife helped him pull through at last.

最终他的妻子帮他渡过了难关。

2)由pull构成的动词词组有：

pull down 摧毁，推翻;      pull in 进站，靠岸;

pull out 拔出，离开，渡过难关，恢复健康;  pull up 拔起，停下，阻止

19. get on 融洽相处;进展期

eg. We should get well on with each other.我们之间应当融洽相处。

How is everything getting on ?一切进展得怎么样了?

1)同义短语：get along

2)get on 中的 on 是副词，其后常接介词短语 with sb ./sth.。搭配不同，意义也不同：

get on with sth .某事进展顺利

get on with sb .与某人相处融洽，等于 get along with sb .

3)在陈述句中，get on 本身就带有“好”的意思，但我们还是常常用 get on well 的形式。

4)get on 与 get along 的区别;get on 可以接 with sb.或 with sth.，而 get along 一般只接 with sb.。

20. far too 太……，极为……

far too 的意思就相当于too,far 起强调作用，too后面接形容词或副词的原级。Eg. Internet makes many things far too easy. 互联网使许多事情变得极为简单。

同义短语：much too 太……

改错

Sometimes we think we’re far too kinder to do others, but in fact we aren’t.

四. 重点句式分析与拓展

1、In a recent interview, Venus spoke about the time when she and Serena were practising tennis and they had to run and hide as bullets started flying through the air.

在最近的一次采访中，Venus 说，那个时候她和 Serena练网球时，一路得跑着躲闪着空中穿梭的子弹。

1)这个复合句的主句是 Venus spoke about the time，when 引导的从句 she and Serena were practising tennis and they had to run and hide as bullets started flying through the air 是定语从句，修饰先行词the time。

2)定语从句又是一个并列句，两个分句由 and 连接，分别是she and Serena were practising tennis 和 they had to run and hide as bullets started flying through the air。

3)并列句的第二个分句是复合句，as 引导的从句是原因状语从句，表示 they had to run and hide 的原因。

2、The sisters’ mother, taught her daughters at home so that they completed their high school while developing their tennis careers.

姐妹俩的妈妈在家里给女儿上课，以便于她们能够完成高中学业，同时也进行网球运动。

1)这是一个带有目的状语从句的复合句，从句由连词短语 so that 引导。

2)while developing their tennis careers 是时间状语，语意指向 they completed their high school，即表明 develope their tennis careers 与 complete their high school 同时发生。

拓展

1)目的状语从句常常由so that 或 in order that 来引导，一般放在主句之后。常与 in order that，in order to do sth.，so as to do sth.，to do sth. 互相替换。

2)强调动作同时发生时且逻辑主语与谓语动词相同时，现在分词前可用 while 或 when。

3、The first time Venus played in a big event was in 1996.

Venus 第一次参加大型锦标赛是在1996年。

句中的 Venus played in a big event 是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰 the first time。

拓展：

限制性定语从句可用来修饰一个表示时间的词，这时通常用关系副词 when 引导。但在不少情况下可以不用 when，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如本句的先行词是 time，且在定语从句中作时间状语，关系代词 when 就省略了。

4、Disaster came in 1995 when he fell from his horse and broke his back.The doctors did not expect him to live.

1995 年灾难降临，他从马上跌落下来，摔断了腰背。医生没有料到他能活下来。

剖析：

注意从句when he fell from his horse and broke his back. 是状语从句。