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★预习案Previewing Casew

Translate the sentences with the past participles from the reading passage and recite them.

① Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London...

② So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.

③ John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove...

④ But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people.

⑤ Neither its cause, n or its cure was understood.

⑥ He got interested in two theories.

过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作的_________和_______。它在句子中可以充当________、_______ _、________等成份。本单元仅谈其作______和________的用法。

★探究案Ex ploring Case

探究点一：过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。

1、前置定语:

A类: 被动意义:

an ___________ guest = a __________ guest一位受尊敬的客人

The ___________ workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.

受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。

B类: 完成意义:

a _________ teacher 一位退休的教师

They are cleaning the_________ leaves in the yard.

他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。

总结：________的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之______, 作前置定语。表示________和________的意义。

2、后置定语：

This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (=that has ever been written).

Who were the guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?

总结：过去分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之______，作后置定语，作用相当于一个____________。

3、注意： ①如被修饰的词是 something, anything, everything, nothing ,-one, -body以及thos e等, 分词放在被修饰词的后面。

He is one of those kidnapped. 他是那些被绑架的 人之一。

你还有什么没完成的事吗?

______________________________________________________________?

② 单个分词也可以作后置定语, 用以强调动作。?

They decided to change the material used. 他们决定更换使用的材料。

③ 不及物动词的过去分词仅表示时间的完成, 无被动意义。现在分词表示动作正在进行。

_______ leaves落叶 ______ leaves正在下落的树叶

a _________ country发达国家 a ________ country发展中国家

the _______ water(凉)开水? the _______ water沸水?

探究点二: 过去分词作表语

The teacher seemed quite delighted at the idea.

When we heard of the story, we were deeply moved.

过去分词作表语表示主语的_________和_________。

注意：① 作表语的过去分词，________的意味很弱，主要表示动作的_______和某一_______，相当于一个形容词。

The boat is broken. The street is crowded.

②表示______的过去分词：disappointed, excited, surprised, pleased…

表示______的过去分词：lost, known, married, dressed, gone, drunk…

Later they found that they were lost. The happy time is gone.

常见的作表语的过去分词：

amused (愉快的); connected (连接的); broken (碎了的); closed (关闭的); astonished (吃惊的); covered (覆盖的); crowded (拥挤的) ; delighted (高兴的);; dressed ( 穿着的); drunk (喝 醉的);experienced (有经验的) ;worried (担忧的); interested (感兴趣的); tired (疲劳的); satisfied (满意的); surprised (吃惊的); married (已婚的)，等

③过去分词作表语：强调____________________

被动语态： 强调____________________

My glasses are broken. (________)

My glasses were broken by my little daughter. (________)

He was surprised at the news. (________)

I was greatly surprised by a knock at the door. (________)

★练习Practice Choose the best answers.

1. Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South America. ( MET1990)

A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited

2. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ______ by the hour. (NMET1998)

A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay

3. The first textbook ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written

4. Don't use words, expressions, or phrases ______ only to people with special knowledge.

A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known

5. Hearing loud knocks at the door, Sam got ______ and opened it to find who it was.

A. dressed B. dressing C. dress D. being dressed

6. All people present at the meeting were ______ at the surprising news.

A. to surprise B. surprised C. being surprised D surprise

7. They now have a government, ______ by all the people.

A. having supported B. supporting C. supported D. to be supported

8. ______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. (2000)

A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding

Previewing Case

Task 1

Task 2. 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当表语、定语、状语等成份。下面仅谈其作定语和表语的用法。

Exploring Case

探究点一1.

an honored/respected guest

The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.

2. a retired teacher 一位退休的教师

They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.

Do you have anything unfinished? 你还有什么没完成的事吗?

fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves正在下落的树叶

a developed country发达国家 a developing country发展中国家

the boiled water(凉)开水? the boiling wate r沸水?

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