高中英语知识点“泛指”与“特指”的转化

高中英语知识点 “泛指”与“特指”在不同的语境中并非一成不变，它们是可以转换的。

(一)“泛指”转化为“特指”

1.① I spent many happy hours with them.

② This picture reminds me of the many happy hours I spent with them.

2.① I bought a few books in the bookstore.

② The few books I bought in the bookstore are written in English .

3. ① I don’t feel like drinking water.

② I don’t feel like drinking the water from this well.

4.① Cotton played an important part in Industrial Revolution.

② The most important thing about cotton in history is the important part that it played in Industrial Revolution.

5.① I have done a little to help you.

② I hope the little that I’ve been able to do has been of some use to you.

以上的②句中的划线部分都是由于有一个定语限定而转化为“特指”。

另外，在一些限定词的后面只能接泛指的名词，如：a lot of, plenty of, dozens of, hundreds of等。然而，有些却可以增加一个 “of”，便只能后接特指的成分：

后接表“泛指”的名词 后接表“特指”的名词/代词

some (students) some of (the students)   a good many (people) a good many of (the people)

most most of (us)   a dozen a dozen of (these apples)    five hundred five hundred of (them)

(二)“特指”转化为“泛指”

1.When the spaceship traveled above, a new-looking earth appeared before us, an earth that we had never seen before. 当宇宙飞船在上空运行时，一个全新的地球出现在我们面前，以往我们都不曾看过。

2.It is a world of wonders, a world where anything can happen.(2004福建卷)

3.It’s really fun to walk alone with a full moon hanging in the sky.

4.Having been overseas for half a century, he returned and found himself in a brand-new China.

本来“the earth/ the world/ the moon/ China”都是特指的，但是，如果增加一些修饰成分之后，指不同时期、不同角度看到的或不同形状的“地球、世界、月亮、中国”的话，它们就转化为泛指了。

5.I knew a John Lennon, but not the famous one. (2005高考山东卷)

John Lennon是一个著名歌手，当然是特指。句中的a John Lennon= another person whose name happened to be John Lennon, 是泛指。

6.① He, who led the USA through these years, was shot on April 14, 1865 at a theatre in Washington, D.C.

② He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。

第一个He=Abraham Lincoln，是特指，要用非限制性定语从句;第二个He= anyone，是泛指;。

7.①—What new subjects are you going to have in the second grade?(特指)

—I’m going to learn a second foreign language.(表“又一”，泛指。)

② No one can have a higher IQ (=an IQ which is even higher) than the taller of the twin brothers.

③ The most diligent student in our class have a most(=very)interesting book.

一般情况下，在比较级、最高级、序数词中用 “a/an”表“泛指”，用 “the”表“特指”。

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