高中英语阅读方法略读法

高中英语阅读方法这是一种十分常用的快速阅读技巧。大家都知道我们在阅读某些材料时必须逐字推敲和品味，如一首诗歌，阅读时我们通常把阅读理解放在第一位，对于阅读速度的要求则放在了次要位置。而当我们阅读一篇材料，如报纸、杂志、论文等，仅仅想了解它的大概意思时，则需要以尽可能快的速度进行阅读，就如同从飞机上鸟瞰地面的明显标志一样，迅速获取文章的主要或中心意思(main idea)。

略读法作为一种有效的快速阅读方法，一般有以下特点：

1：以极快的速度阅读大量的材料，寻找字面上和事实上的主要信息。

2.只要能抓住大意，可以跳过某一部分或某些部分不读。

3.可以有意不求甚解。在正常阅读中，理解率应达到70%一80%，而在这里，理解达到50%左右即可。

4.可以根据文章难易程度和不同的阅读目的，灵活调整阅读速度。

在略读文章大意的过程中，我们可以运用一些技巧来达到最快的阅读速度。

1.利用印刷信息(topographical information)，如书名或一篇文章的标题、副标题、小标题、斜体字、黑体字、表格、插图、脚注、标点等对阅读材料的基本结构进行总体性预测略读，了解作者思路、文章展开方式及细节间的相互关系;

2.以一般阅读速度阅读材料的第一，二段，一般文章的主旨会在这里得到概要性的介绍。通过这两段的阅读，还可以多少体会到作者的风格和语气。

3.注意阅读每段的主题句(topic sentence)和结论句(conclusion sentence)，以抓住段落大意，其他细节可以略去不读。

4.读到最后一两段，速度应再慢下来，在这里可能有作者对全文主要观点的总结。

具体的略读训练可分为两个阶段：

1.略读段落中心思想(skimming paragraphs for main idea)

例1：

Abraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky, USA, on February 12th, 1809. As a child he used to work hard and help his father on the small farm where they lived. His mother, who loved him very much, died in 1818. Happily for him, his father's second wife was kind to him tm. When she saw that Abraham liked reading, she did all she could to help him. But the family was so poor that the boy could not get many books. He spent very little time at school, perhaps no more than a year in all. (SB1, L50)

The paragraph is about Abraham Lincoln's

a. poor family

b. early education

c. childhood

通过对上面一段的略读，而非逐字逐句的阅读，不难发现它讲的是林肯童年的故事。因此该题的正确答案为c.childhood。

例2：

In their personal lives people will also use computers more and more. Instead of going to the bank, they will use a computer and a telephone to change money and to pay their electricity bills and so on. Houses will be controlled by a central computer. Lights will go off if no one is in the room. The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. You will be aim able to telephone home half an hour before returning and, by speaking into the telephone, you will be able to tell the computer to turn on the heating and the hot water. The computer will recognize your voice and carry out the instructions. (SB2, L66)

The main idea of the paragraph is that

a. computers will be used more and more in our houses

b. computers will be used more and more in our personal lives

c. computers will be used to recognize human voice

该段的中心意思是人们在个人日常生活中将越来越多地使用计算机。段中第一句便是主题句。三个选择虽然根据课文判断都是正确的陈述，但只有b是中心意思。其他两个选择或表达不准确，或表达不完整。

例3:

European countries are now making an active effort to reuse materials more than they used to. This is called recycling. Materials such as paper, glass or metal are collected, sorted, treated and used again. Old newspapers are recycled. The ink is taken out by a special technique, and new paper is made. Oil from factories and motor oil can be treated and reused. In many cities in Europe rubbish is collected separately. Empty glass bottles are collected, and the glass is broken and reused for making new bottles. (SB3, L23)

The paragraph is about ________ materials.

a. used             b. reusing           c. making used

通过对文中第一句主题句的阅读便可以判断出整段的中心意思——对废旧物品的再利用。该题的正确选择为b.reusing。

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