跳读或查阅法英语高中阅读题技巧

英语高中阅读题技巧这是一种快速寻找特殊信息的阅读方法。如查阅字典里的一个单词，电话号码本里的一个人名和号码，电视报上某一时间段的节目内容，参考书中的某个事实或数据等等。这时我们的目的很明确，因而不需要真正逐字逐句阅读。读者在搜寻某个特定的信息时，应把要求回答的问题牢记在心，根据问题以及选择项，积极而有目的地判断与猜测要查找的信息如时间、地点、人物等可能隐藏在那里。查读的目的很明确，一旦找到了所需要的信息，查读就可以结束了。查读时应注意首先浏览问题及其选择项，这样既能够掌握大概内容，也可以带着问题目的明确地去阅读，因而能够节约很多时间和精力。

例1：

Food around the world

When Christopher Columbus and his friends reached America in 1492, they discovered the plant "corn" there. At least 450 years ago corn was brought to China. By 1555 it had already become important here, corn is a useful plant that can be eaten by both people and animals.

In the 17th century corn was grown a lot in Tibet and Sichuan. At that time the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded; there was not enough room for the population. Farmers had to move into the hills, but they couldn't grow rice there. They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice. Luckily they were able to grow this new com.

Today, corn is found all over the world. It is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways. People in the West often boil it and eat it with salt and butter. Sometimes they cook it whole over an open fire. In many parts of the world corn is made into powder. The powder is then mixed with water and other things, and made into different kinds of food.

Corn was not the only food that was taken to Europe. In 1519 another traveller who went to America from Europe discovered the tomato. Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and they soon reached other parts of the world. When they arrived in England they were called "love apples". In the beginning, people who brought them often got angry. They thought that they were buying apples.

A number of other plants were found in America, for example, beans, potatoes and different fruits. The potato is another plant that was taken back by early travellers. It is a very useful plant; it can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.

Early European travellers to China took back to their own countries the seeds of fruit trees that they bad not seen before. Today, fruit trees which once grow only in China can now be found in many parts of the world. And the fresh fruit from these trees is shipped from one country to another. Today, new foods are travelling faster than ever before. (SB1, L30)

1. An European traveller who went to America discovered tomato in

a. 1492                           b. the 17th century

c. 1519                           d. 1555

2. Who often boil the corn and eat it with salt and butter?

a. People in the West             b. American people

c. European travellers            d. Christopher Columbus

3. What was called "love apples" by the Europeans?

a. Fruits                          b. Potatoes

c. Tomatoes                        d. The new com

在做上述阅读理解问题时，可以先将每个题目的选择项内容大致浏览一遍。这样便对课文的大概内容有所了解，知道这篇课文的内容是有关食品的，并且与历史有关。浏览时还要记下要查找的内容，如年份、人物、事物等，然后快速扫视全文，特别注意有关信息。第一题问的是时间，所以应对时间和与之有关的事件特别注意，它的正确答案为c;第二题提问的是人物，因而要注意人物，它的正确答案是a;第三题问的是什么被称为“爱果”，答案为c.

例2：

Feed the World

Agriculture first started about 10, 000 years ago when people began to grow crops in the river valleys of the Nile in Egypt, in the Middle East and in India. Today farming employs more people than any other type of work. It is thought that one billion people, that is half of the world's workers, earn their living by farming. The problem is how to feed a growing world population of 5.7 billion. For one thing, two thirds of the earth surface is water, although this does provide a lot of food in the form of fish. Only about 11% of the earth's land surface is suitable for growing crops. And this area is becoming smaller day by day. In China there is only 7% of the land used for growing crops, which feed more than one fourth of the world population. That is why the Chinese people are making great efforts to protect their farmland and increase agricultural production.

Farmland is being lost for several reasons. First, it is being built on. Second, when wind and rain have removed a lot of the soil, no more crops can be grown on this land. Third, a lot of irrigated land has become too salty to grow plants. Also, it is well known that pests continue to eat crops, causing damage. The FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) has worked out that up to 30 % of food is lost in storage. Food stores are frequently mined by rain or damp, or eaten by mice.

In a word, hunger is a big problem in the world today. No one is sure how many people are hungry, but it is thought that 500 million people in the world do not have enough to eat, that is about one in ten. Every year about 40 million people starve to death.

Various things can be done to increase the food supply in the World. The area of farmland can be increased by irrigation. Take the Aswan Dam in Egypt for example, where desert land can be used for growing crops. The same has happened in the west of the USA, particularly for the growing of fruit. Farmers can increase their corn crops three times simply by watering their fields. In Europe, Holland continues to increase its area of farmland by pumping water from low-lying areas.

Scientists continue to develop new types of plants which produce heavier crops. They are also developing new types of plants that can be grown in poor soil or even sand, and that are less likely to be attacked by pests and diseases. (SB3, L14)

1. About ______ of the earth's land surface is suitable for growing crops.

a. 7%                               b. 11%

c. 30%                              d. two thirds

2. In China there is only _________ of the land used for growing crops.

a. two thirds                      b. 7%

c. 11%                             d. 30%

3. Farmland is being lost for the following reasons except ______

a. people build houses on it

b. a lot of irrigated land has become too salty to grow plants

c. people don't know how to use it so they sell it

d. pests damage it by eating crops

4. Hunger is a very big problem in the world. About ________ people in the world don't have enough to eat.

a. 1 billion                          b. 5.7 billion

c. 500 million                        d. 40 million

5. The author gave us some examples of increasing the area of farmland by

a. developing new plants which produce heavier crop

b. developing plants that can be grown in poor soils

c. irrigating it

d. protecting it

这篇课文讲的是世界耕地面积正在不断缩小，并列举了一些水土流失的原因，警告人们世界正因此面临着饥饿问题。在做阅读理解问题前应先浏览一下题目类型，五个题目中有三个与数字有关，所以在课文中寻找信息时应特别注意这一点。另外两个问题一个是问水土流失的原因，另一个问的则是增加土地面积的途径，对题目有了大致了解后再查阅便有的放矢了。上述五个题目的答案为：1.b  2.b  3.c  4.c  5.c。

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