摘要：大学英语四级语法要从词类、时态语态、从句等方面进行学习。以下是精品学习网为考生提供的2013年大学英语四级考试语法的考核重点分析和复习方法指导。
??主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在"人称"和"数"方面的一致关系。处理主谓一致关系必须遵循"语法一致"、"意义一致"、"毗邻一致"三条原则。
??e.g.Two girls were standing on the corner .(语法一致)
??The government have asked the country to decide by a vote.(意义一致)
??Either my brothers or my father is coming.(毗邻一致)
??本文着重讨论英语中what分句、关系分句、分裂句和存在句中的主谓一致等问题。
??1.what分句中的主谓一致
??what引导的分句作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。
? (1)如果what分句指的是抽象概念或某一具体事物，谓语动词要用单数形式。
??e.g.What is beautifulis not always good.漂亮的并不总是好的。
??What the boy wants is a toy car.这孩子想要的是一辆玩具车。
? (2)如果what分句指的是两个或两个以上的东西或者what=those things which，谓语动词要用复数形式。
? e.g.What I would like to buy are some fish and chicken.我想要买的是鱼和肉。
? 2.关系分句中的主谓一致
??关系分句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语动词和先行词的人称、数一致。
??e.g.I ，who am your friend，will try my best to help
??you.我作为你的朋友会尽力帮助你的。
??在"one of +复数名词+关系分句"结构中，关系分句中动词通常依照语法一致原则，用复数形式。
??e.g.Mr.Gilman is one of those men who appear to be friendly;however，it is hard? to deal with him.吉尔曼先生属于那种表面上对人友好的人;实际上很难和他打交道。
??但如果在这类结构之前有定冠词the或者有the only等限定词和强调词时，关系分句动词形式依one而
定，用单数。
??e.g.Tom is the only one of the staff members who is going to be transferred.汤姆是工作人员中唯一将调动工作的人。
??3.分裂句中的主谓一致
??在分裂句中"It is...that/who分句"中的动词形式通常依先行词而定。
??e.g.It is Jim who is going to do it.是吉姆去做这项工作。
??It is I who am to blame.应受责备的是我。
??但在非正式语体中，此分裂句中心成分可用宾格代词 me，这时，随后的that分句动词通常用第三人称单数。
??e.g.It is me that is going to take care of the baby.将要照看孩子的是我。
??4.存在句中的主谓一致
??在存在句中，谓语动词与其后面的主语一致。一般说来，主语是单数，动词也用单数，主语是复数，动词也用复数。
??e.g.There is a big lake in the centre of the city.城市的中心有一个大湖。
??There are three rooms left.还剩三间房。
??当用作主语的并列结构是抽象名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。
??e.g.There was singing and laughing in the opposite room.对门屋里有说有笑。
??主谓一致关系对英语学习者来说，掌握上有一定的困难，须多多练习。
主谓一致的规律
??(如果不维护法律和秩序，公民的人身和财产都不安全。)
??2)用and连接的单数名词，前面有each， every，many a，no修饰语时，谓语要用单数。
??Every man，woman，and child in this community is now aware of the terrible consequences of the habit of sm oking.
??Many a boy and many a girl has seenit.
??No teacher and no student is admitted.
??3)"名词+and+not+名词"或者"名词，+not+名词"组成的主语，其谓语动词的人称和数应与前面的名词一致。
??The farmer and not the city dweller is hurt when food prices fall.
I，not you，am to blame.(=I am to blame，not you.)
??4.不同人称同位，谓语动词与第一个人称一致。
??I，your teacher，have granted you a request.
??5.主语由连词：or，either...or，neither...nor，not only...but(also)等连接的两个名词或代词组成，其谓语动词应与毗邻的名词一致。
??Either John or his sisters are to blame.
??Not only the children，but also the mother is ill.
??6.集合名词people，police，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。有些集合名词如： army，? class，club，committee，crowd， crew ，family，gang，herd，jury，public， majority，minority，team，congress，assembly，band等作主语时，如强调整体，谓语动词用单数;如强调个体，谓语动词用复数。
??Extra police are needed here.
??The jury is going to give its(not their) verdict(做出裁决)in the murder case.The jury have different opinions about the verdict in the murder case.
??(陪审团成员对这起谋杀案的裁决有不同的意见。)
??The majority were(was)in favour of the proposal.
??注意："the majority of"后只能跟复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
??The majority of boys like playing football.
??7.有些名词总是以复数形式出现，使用复数形式的谓语动词。这类名词有clothes， goods，t rousers，pants，scissors，spectacles，remains，wages，thanks等。
??Her clothes are made by herself.
??8.有些名词形式为复数，意义为单数，作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。这类名词有以-s结尾的表示学科、专业、疾病等术语及其他名词。如：economics，linguistics， physics，measles(麻疹)，mathematics，news，works，brains(智慧)etc.
??Politics is more difficult than physics.
??注意：有的以-ics结尾的名词表示具体意义时，谓语用复数。
??What are your politics?(你的政见如何?)
??9.有些复数形式的名词，如：means， headquarters，odds，amends(赔偿)，pains， tidings (消息)单复数相同，作主语时，谓语要酌情而定。
??What is the odds?(odds =matter)
??All possible means have been adopted.
??Great pains have(has)been taken.(费了很大的劲。)
??Much pains has been taken.(费尽心机)
??10.表示重量，度量，衡量，价值，时间的复数名词或短语作主语，谓语常用单数。
??Fifteen minutes seems a long time for one who waits.
??A hundred and thirty dollars is a reasonable price for that fur coat.
??11.书名，报刊名，地名，国名，建筑物和机构的名称即使以复数形式出现，谓语动词也要用单数。
??New York Times reports that at the massacre in Ahmici 103 Muslims，including 33 women and children，were killed.
??The United States is in North America.
? "The Virginians"is a good story.
??12.定语从句的谓语应与先行词一致。
??Roy is among the athletes who have competed in the Olympics.
??注意：当"one +of +名词的复数"在关系代词前时，要非常小心。
??Hill is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.
??在被选为小组代表成员的人中，希尔是其中之一。
??He is the only one of the boys who knows the secret.
? 在男孩中，他是唯一知道这个秘密的人。
?
??13."more(less)than +数词"短语作主语，谓语可用单数也可用复数，视情况而定。
??More than one has found it so.
??There was less than sixty there .(着重指抽象的数目)
??There were fewer than sixty there.(暗示具体的事物)
??
??14."(the)part of +n."作主语，谓语用单数，但强调个体时用复数。
??The greatest part of these years was spent on study.
??The greatest part of the population are illiterate.
??
??15."a pair of +名词复数(gloves/ shoes/socks/scissors/trousers，etc.)"，?"the number of +名词复数"作主语，谓语动词用单数。
? A pair of scissors has been bought.
? The number of students was sm all.
? 而"a couple of/a score of/dozen of/ a number of +复数名词"作主语，谓语动词一律用 复数。
??A couple of rabbits have been caught.
??There come a score of people.
??Dozen of them have been sent to work in the strip mine.
??A number of students were sick.
??
??16."all(some，none，most)of...""the rest"作主语，要酌情而定，谓语既可用单数 又可用复数。
??None of the passengers were aware of the danger.(侧重全体)
??None of my friends has ever been to Paris.(侧重个体)
??Most of the apples were rotten.
??Most of the apple was eaten by a rat.
??Although the first part is easy，the rest is(are)difficult.
?
??17."one or two +名词复数"，"one or m ore +名词复数"作主语，谓语动词用复数。"a?+单数名词or two"作主语，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。
??There are one or two subjects to choose.
??Only a word or two is(are)needed here.
??Exercises：
??用括号中动词的正确形式填空：
?
??1.Mr.Mike is instructing the listeners，but none ____ (be)listening.
??2.The committee ____ (have)been arguing about the financial problems among??themselves for many hours.
??3.Our football team ____ (have)won the championship.
??4.Our football team ____ (be)quarreling over their different positions.
??5.Cowboy pants ____ (be)popular last year.
??6.A loss of wealth，a loss of health，a loss of friends， ____ (seem)to be a??serious problem.
??7.To make life worth living ____ (sound)nice.
??8.One or perhaps more plays ____ (have)been written by the playwright.
??9.The president of the college，along with some other faculty members， ____ (be)? planning a conference.
??10."Keeping cool"is the first of the rules that ____ (be)to be remembered in an? accident.
??11.Neither he nor I ____?going to attend the party tomorrow.
??12.None ____ (be)so sure of his knowledge as one who ____ (have)only a little learning.
??Key：1.are??2.have 3.has 4.are? 5.were?6.seems
?? 7.sounds 8.have 9.is?10.are?11.am? 12.is，has