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运动理论上可以戒烟，但是不能彻底帮助戒烟，也许你有烟瘾了，去运动五分钟，隔个一分钟又渴望吸烟了，接着……
Even short bouts(一轮,一阵) of light exercise such as strolling(散步) can help smokers quit by reducing cigarette cravings(渴望)and withdrawal symptoms(症候), say scientists at the University of Exeter in the UK.
The study is published in the April edition of the journal Addiction.
The scientists suggest that a short session of moderate(适度的) exercise, lasting for as little as five minutes, is sufficient(足够的) to reduce cravings for a cigarette.
"People who struggle to give up smoking could make things much easier for themselves by taking just moderate exercise," said lead author Dr Adrian Taylor of the University of Exeter's School of Sport and Health Sciences.
"Not only may it help prevent weight gain but it will also help control the cravings and withdrawal symptoms that often lead to relapse," he added.
With today, 14th March, being National No Smoking Day in the UK, it is expected that one third of UK smokers (around 4 million people) will try to give up and 85,000 will do so for good.
Dr Taylor and his co-authors reviewed 12 studies on the effect of a single session of exercise compared to no exercise on three outcome measures: cigarette cravings, withdrawal symptoms and smoking behaviour. All reported beneficial impact on (对...之影响)at least one of the three outcome measures.
The papers they reviewed covered between them nearly 1,400 people who rarely exercised and in all but one study stopped smoking during the period of the experiment.
The participants(参加者,参与者) were assessed(已审估的) while they were doing the exercise using single and multi-item questions on cravings, symptoms of withdrawal and negative affect, the results of which reduced rapidly during exercise and remained reduced for up to 50 minutes afterwards.
Most of the studies on withdrawal symptoms showed a significant reduction in 2 of 6 symptoms: stress, restlessness, irritability, anxiety, tension and poor concentration.
Most of the studies showed increasing reductions in cravings and withdrawal symptoms with increasing duration and intensity of exercise, but even a short 5 minute seated exercise showed beneficial effects.
Four of the studies reported that the delay in lighting up the first cigarette after doing the exercise lasted two and sometimes three times longer.
Three studies showed that mood improved with exercise, while one did not.
The review team concluded that even small doses of exercise should be recommended to help people manage cigarette cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
Dr Taylor said "If a drug revealed the same effects it would immediately be marketed as a valuable aid to help people quit smoking or cut down."
He and his colleagues called for further research to find out what the underlying mechanisms could be such as stress and the neurobiology(神经生物学) involved. This could then lead to more effective and practical ways to help people give up smoking.
Dr Taylor and his team at the University of Exeter are also doing research using brain imaging. They are looking at how exercise affects the brain's mood centres, which could be how the appetite for cigarettes is reduced. They are supporting a national project called "Walk-2-Quit" and want to see exercise recommended by National Health Service smoking cessation clinics.
中文(并非全文翻译)：
美联社13日报道说，英国埃克塞特大学几名科学家要求接受测试的烟民在想吸烟时做些简单的运动，如散步、做体操和收紧肌肉等。结果发现，适当的运动，哪怕只有5分钟，就可以让烟民暂时克服对尼古丁的渴望。
主持研究的阿德里安·泰勒说，这是因为运动可以产生多巴胺，从而减轻烟民对尼古丁的依赖。
对此，伦敦大学学院教授罗伯特·韦斯特指出：“在理论上，可以通过运动来克服对尼古丁的一时渴望，但我们不知道运动是否可以帮助彻底戒烟。”韦斯特认为，或许可以把运动和其他戒烟手段结合在一起，以便更有效地帮助烟民戒烟。
英国玛丽女王学院医院的医生彼得·哈杰克建议说，如果普及一些在办公桌前就可以进行的运动，可能会有更多烟民通过运动戒烟。
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